32a-33. RNA viruses - arena-, hanta-, nairo-, phenui-, filo-, flavi-, togaviruses

What are arboviruses?

Arthropod-borne viruses.

What are roboviruses?

Rodent-borne viruses.

Name two families of viruses associated with classical zoonotic infections.

Arenaviridae and Hantaviridae.

What is the transmission method for Ebola and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever?

Through blood, secretions, and body fluids.

What are the primary hosts for Hantaviruses?

Rodents such as deer mice and voles.

What is a key characteristic of the filoviridae family of viruses?

They contain a negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome.

What is the prevalence of Lassa fever in Nigeria?

300,000 to 1,000,000 cases per year.

What can Ebola virus cause in infected individuals?

Hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate.

What laboratory level is required for diagnosing hemorrhagic fevers?

BSL 3 or BSL 4 laboratories.

How is Rift Valley fever transmitted?

Through mosquito bites or close animal contact.

What are common clinical features of dengue fever?

High fever, headache, and a rash.

What prevention methods exist for West Nile fever?

Vector control and personal protection.

What is the mortality rate range for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever?

3-30%.

What novel feature is characteristic of the Zika virus transmission?

Transmission can occur via sexual contact.

How is Yellow fever primarily transmitted?

Through mosquito bites.

What is the primary reservoir for the Chikungunya virus?

Mosquitoes.

What are the laboratory diagnosis techniques used for Hantavirus infections?

IgM serology, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR.

What clinical syndrome is associated with Zaire ebolavirus?

Hemorrhagic fever.

What type of vaccine is used for yellow fever prevention?

Live, attenuated vaccine (17D).

How is Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) transmitted?

Tick bites and potentially person-to-person.

What is a common outcome for people infected with Mayaro virus?

Chronic arthralgia.

What is the incubation period for most hemorrhagic fevers?

Approximately 9-11 days post-exposure.

What is the hallmark laboratory finding for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever?

Bleeding due to low platelet counts.

Which viral family does the yellow fever virus belong to?

Flaviviridae.

What is a significant feature of the Zika virus outbreak?

Associated with congenital malformations like microcephaly.

How are Lassa and Machupo viruses primarily transmitted?

Through contact with infected rodent secretions.