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What type of long-term memory stores general knowledge about the world, facts, and the meaning of words?
Semantic memory
What type of long-term memory refers to how to perform a task or skill?
Procedural memory
What is the term for momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli such as sounds and words?
Echoic memory
What do we call a relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system?
Long-term memory
What type of processing is based on the surface characteristics of information, such as appearance or sound?
Shallow encoding
What is the term for unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency?
Automatic processing
What is the tendency for learning to be more effective when study is spaced out over different intervals?
Distributed practice
What is the term for the practice of cramming information all at once?
Massed practice
What is the tendency to remember information at the beginning of a body of information better than what follows?
Primacy effect
What is repeating information over and over to keep it active in short-term memory called?
Maintenance rehearsal
What theory states that information learned in a particular situation is better remembered in that same situation?
Context-dependent memory
What graph shows retention and forgetting over time, created by Dr. Hermann Ebbinghaus?
The forgetting curve
What term describes the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information?
Retroactive interference
What describes the disruptive effect of old learning on the recall of new information?
Proactive interference
What is the term for integrating false information into one's memory due to misleading post-event information?
The misinformation effect
What describes the increased confidence in a false memory of an event after repeated imagination of it?
Imagination inflation
What term refers to organizing items into familiar, manageable units?
Chunking
What is the newer understanding of short-term memory that includes active processing called?
Working memory
What type of memory allows recall of facts and experiences that can be consciously known?
Explicit memory
What part of working memory directs attention and processing?
Central executive
What is the part of working memory that holds and processes verbal and auditory information?
Phonological loop
What is our tendency to recall best the first and last items in a list called?
Serial position effect
What do we call the memory of events and facts related to one's personal life story?
Autobiographical memory
What form of memory loss prevents access to information from before an injury or disease?
Retrograde amnesia
What is the inability to form new memories called?
Anterograde amnesia
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