COGNITION PART 2

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25 Terms

1
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What type of long-term memory stores general knowledge about the world, facts, and the meaning of words?

Semantic memory

2
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What type of long-term memory refers to how to perform a task or skill?

Procedural memory

3
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What is the term for momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli such as sounds and words?

Echoic memory

4
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What do we call a relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system?

Long-term memory

5
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What type of processing is based on the surface characteristics of information, such as appearance or sound?

Shallow encoding

6
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What is the term for unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency?

Automatic processing

7
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What is the tendency for learning to be more effective when study is spaced out over different intervals?

Distributed practice

8
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What is the term for the practice of cramming information all at once?

Massed practice

9
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What is the tendency to remember information at the beginning of a body of information better than what follows?

Primacy effect

10
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What is repeating information over and over to keep it active in short-term memory called?

Maintenance rehearsal

11
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What theory states that information learned in a particular situation is better remembered in that same situation?

Context-dependent memory

12
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What graph shows retention and forgetting over time, created by Dr. Hermann Ebbinghaus?

The forgetting curve

13
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What term describes the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information?

Retroactive interference

14
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What describes the disruptive effect of old learning on the recall of new information?

Proactive interference

15
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What is the term for integrating false information into one's memory due to misleading post-event information?

The misinformation effect

16
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What describes the increased confidence in a false memory of an event after repeated imagination of it?

Imagination inflation

17
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What term refers to organizing items into familiar, manageable units?

Chunking

18
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What is the newer understanding of short-term memory that includes active processing called?

Working memory

19
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What type of memory allows recall of facts and experiences that can be consciously known?

Explicit memory

20
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What part of working memory directs attention and processing?

Central executive

21
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What is the part of working memory that holds and processes verbal and auditory information?

Phonological loop

22
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What is our tendency to recall best the first and last items in a list called?

Serial position effect

23
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What do we call the memory of events and facts related to one's personal life story?

Autobiographical memory

24
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What form of memory loss prevents access to information from before an injury or disease?

Retrograde amnesia

25
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What is the inability to form new memories called?

Anterograde amnesia