Test 3

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

The most widely used intelligence test for adults today.

Socioeconomic status

A strong correlate of IQ.

Fluid intelligence

The ability to solve new problems and think abstractly.

Key purpose of intelligence testing

Diagnosing learning disabilities.

Flynn effect

The worldwide increase in IQ scores over time.

Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences

Suggests that there are different types of intelligence, such as musical, spatial, and kinesthetic.

Sternberg’s triarchic theory

Includes analytical intelligence, practical intelligence, and creative intelligence.

General factor ("g") of intelligence

Proposed by Charles Spearman.

Emotional intelligence

Involves the ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions.

Interactionist perspective

Suggests intelligence is shaped by both genetic and environmental factors.

Fluid intelligence trend

Typically peaks in early adulthood and declines with age.

Crystallized intelligence

Primarily involves knowledge acquired through experience.

Cohort effect

The impact of generational experiences on intelligence test results.

Longitudinal studies of intelligence

Suggest that crystallized intelligence remains stable or increases with age.

Cognitive abilities maintenance

Engaging in lifelong learning and cognitive activities helps maintain cognitive abilities in older adults.

Phoneme

The smallest unit of sound in a language.

Syntax

The structure and rules for sentence formation.

Semantics

Concerned with the meaning of words and sentences.

Pragmatics example

Understanding sarcasm.

Morphemes

The smallest units of meaning in a language.

First stage of language development

Babbling.

Overextension

Occurs when a child applies a word too broadly to multiple objects.

Telegraphic speech

A toddler saying 'want cookie' instead of 'I want a cookie'.

Critical period hypothesis

Suggests that there is a specific window of time for optimal language acquisition.

Infant-directed speech (IDS)

Involves exaggerated pitch and slower speech patterns.

Innate ability to learn language

Proposed by Noam Chomsky.

Imitation and reinforcement in language learning

Associated with the learning perspective.

Interactionist perspective on language development

Influenced by a combination of biological and environmental factors.

Declines with age

Speed of word retrieval.

Contextual approach to language development

Supports the idea that culture and environment shape language acquisition.