Test 3

Here’s a set of 30 multiple-choice questions covering Chapters 8 and 9:

What is the most widely used intelligence test for adults today?
a) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
b) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
c) Raven’s Progressive Matrices
d) Kaufman Assessment Battery
Which of the following is a strong correlate of IQ?
a) Height
b) Socioeconomic status
c) Hand dominance
d) Birth order
Fluid intelligence refers to:
a) The ability to solve new problems and think abstractly
b) Knowledge gained through experience and education
c) The speed at which one processes information
d) The ability to recall facts from memory
Which of the following is a key purpose of intelligence testing?
a) Measuring emotional intelligence
b) Diagnosing learning disabilities
c) Assessing personality traits
d) Determining reaction time
The Flynn effect refers to:
a) The decline of IQ scores in old age
b) The worldwide increase in IQ scores over time
c) The difference in IQ scores between genders
d) The genetic basis of intelligence

Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences suggests that:
a) Intelligence is solely based on linguistic and mathematical abilities
b) IQ is inherited and cannot be changed
c) There are different types of intelligence, such as musical, spatial, and kinesthetic
d) IQ tests accurately measure all forms of intelligence
Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Analytical intelligence
b) Practical intelligence
c) Emotional intelligence
d) Creative intelligence
The theory that intelligence is based on a general factor ("g") was proposed by:
a) Howard Gardner
b) Charles Spearman
c) Robert Sternberg
d) Jean Piaget
Emotional intelligence involves:
a) The ability to solve abstract mathematical problems
b) The ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions
c) High verbal and spatial reasoning skills
d) Quick decision-making abilities
The idea that intelligence is shaped by both genetic and environmental factors supports which perspective?
a) Nature only
b) Nurture only
c) Interactionist
d) Hereditarian

Fluid intelligence typically:
a) Increases throughout life
b) Peaks in early adulthood and declines with age
c) Remains constant throughout life
d) Is unaffected by aging
Crystallized intelligence primarily involves:
a) Problem-solving skills
b) Knowledge acquired through experience
c) Speed of processing new information
d) Abstract reasoning
The cohort effect refers to:
a) The influence of age on intelligence
b) The impact of generational experiences on intelligence test results
c) The decline of memory over time
d) The difference between males and females in IQ scores
Longitudinal studies of intelligence suggest that:
a) Intelligence declines sharply after middle adulthood
b) Crystallized intelligence remains stable or increases with age
c) Fluid intelligence improves with age
d) Intelligence is completely fixed by young adulthood
Which factor has been shown to help maintain cognitive abilities in older adults?
a) Avoiding social interactions
b) Engaging in lifelong learning and cognitive activities
c) Relying on routine thinking patterns
d) Completely avoiding technology

The smallest unit of sound in a language is called a:
a) Morpheme
b) Phoneme
c) Syntax
d) Semantics
Which component of language refers to the structure and rules for sentence formation?
a) Pragmatics
b) Semantics
c) Syntax
d) Morphology
Semantics is concerned with:
a) The social rules of communication
b) The meaning of words and sentences
c) The smallest units of sound
d) The ability to pronounce words
Which of the following is an example of pragmatics in language?
a) Understanding sarcasm
b) Using correct verb tense
c) Recognizing the difference between "cat" and "bat"
d) Learning new vocabulary words
Morphemes are:
a) The smallest units of meaning in a language
b) The rules for combining words into sentences
c) The physical production of speech sounds
d) A type of nonverbal communication

Which is typically the first stage of language development?
a) Babbling
b) Holophrases
c) Telegraphic speech
d) Overregularization
Overextension occurs when a child:
a) Uses a single word to represent an entire sentence
b) Applies a word too broadly to multiple objects
c) Uses incorrect grammar rules in speech
d) Struggles to form full sentences
A toddler saying “want cookie” instead of “I want a cookie” is an example of:
a) Babbling
b) Overextension
c) Telegraphic speech
d) Holophrastic speech
The critical period hypothesis suggests that:
a) There is a specific window of time for optimal language acquisition
b) Language can be learned equally well at any age
c) Intelligence is the main determinant of language ability
d) Language learning is solely based on environment
Which of the following is TRUE about infant-directed speech (IDS)?
a) It hinders language learning
b) It involves exaggerated pitch and slower speech patterns
c) It is only used in English-speaking cultures
d) It has no effect on language development

Which theorist proposed that humans have an innate ability to learn language?
a) B.F. Skinner
b) Noam Chomsky
c) Lev Vygotsky
d) Jean Piaget
The idea that children learn language through imitation and reinforcement is associated with:
a) The nativist perspective
b) The learning perspective
c) The interactionist perspective
d) The cognitive perspective
According to the interactionist perspective, language development is influenced by:
a) Only genetic predispositions
b) Only social interactions
c) A combination of biological and environmental factors
d) A critical period alone
Which of the following declines with age?
a) Vocabulary knowledge
b) Pragmatic skills
c) Speed of word retrieval
d) Ability to understand new grammar rules
Which of the following supports the contextual approach to language development?
a) Language is entirely innate
b) Culture and environment shape language acquisition
c) Language learning follows a strict, universal sequence
d) Children do not need social interaction to learn language