Enantiomers
________: isomers that are mirror images of each other.
Organic chemistry
________: the study of compounds that contain carbon, regardless of origin.
three examples of molecules that distinguish living matter that are composed of carbon compounds
Proteins, DNA, and carbohydrates
why is it good that ATP is NOT a stable molecule
This allows ADP to be formed by releasing a phosphate groups, which then become inorganic
Is fat or sugar more efficient to break down?
Fat
Hydrocarbons
________: organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen.
how are estradiol and testosterone alike?
estradiol and testosterone are both steroids with a common carbon skeleton, in the form of four used rings
electron configuration of carbon
The ________ gives it covalent compatibility with many different events.
Cis-trans isomers
________ require a double or triple bond and react differently in reactions.
Electron configuration
________ is the key to an atoms characteristics.
valence
The ________ of carbon and its most frequent partners (hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen) are the building code for the architecture of living molecules.
why is carbon so important to many different forms of life?
Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, complex, and varied molecules.
Isomers
________: compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties.
Valence
________: the number of covalent bonds an atom can form.
Adenosine Triphosphate
________ (ATP): an important organic phosphate that is the basis of life.
molecular complexity, diversity
Variation in carbon skeletons is an important source of the ________ and ______ of living matter.
Structural isomers
________: have different covalent arrangements of their atoms.
Functional groups
________: the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions.
what is ATP made up of?
ATP consists of an organic molecule called adenosine attached to a string of three phosphate groups.
Electron configuration
________ determines the kinds and number of bonds an atom will form with other atoms.
Hydrocarbons
________ can undergo reactions that release a large amount of energy.
why are enantiomers important in the pharmaceutical industry
enantiomers are important in the pharmaceutical industry as two enantiomers of a drug may have different effects — used to make different medications
Carbon has 4 valence electrons, so…
it can form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms, making large complex molecules possible
where is ATP made?
ATP is made in the inner- lining of the mitochondria
organic chemistry
the study of compounds that contain carbon, regardless of origin
why are we carbon based, not silicon based?
silicon holds onto other elements too strongly, so it can’t let go of elements easily when elements need to be used by the organism
valence
the number of covalent bonds an atom can form
hydrocarbons
organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties
structural isomers
have different covalent arrangements of their atoms
cis-trans isomers
have the same covalent bonds, but differ in their spatial arrangements
enantiomers
isomers that are mirror images of each other
True or False: estradiol and testosterone are antagonist hormones
False
functional groups
the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
an important organic phosphate that is the basis of life
carbon chains
_________ form the skeletons of most organic molecules
True or False: carbon chain vary in length and shape
True
what is carbon most frequently bonded to?
oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen