AP Psych Unit 5 Review - States of Consciousness

Full review of Myer's AP Psychology Unit 5 textbook for review for the AP exam.

Consciousness

process of making a mental model of the world of which we are aware

Conscious

level of consciousness that holds what we are aware of and can verbalize; Sigmund Freud

Preconscious

level of consciousness that holds our ordinary memory that can be brought into our conscious; Sigmund Freud

Unconscious

part of the mind that isn’t accessible to awareness; Sigmund Freud

Pleasure Principle

psychoanalytic idea that psychological processes and actions are motivated by the id

Melatonin

hormone that builds up when we go to sleep

Circadian Rhythm

biological rhythm that occurs every 24 hours (sleep-wake cycle)

Ultradian Rhythm

biological rhythm that occurs multiple times within 24 hours (stages of sleep)

Infradian Rhythm

biological rhythm that occurs once per month or season (hibernation)

Hypnosis

social interaction where a hypnotists suggests to a person that certain thoughts or behaviors will occurs

Alpha Wave

slow brain waves that occur during relaxed, awake state

Delta Waves

large, slow brain waves that occur during deep sleep

Posthypnotic Suggestion

suggestion made during hypnosis that is carried out after a person is no longer hypnotized

Sleep Cycle

cycle of 4 stages lasting 90 minutes that switch between REM and NREM sleep

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

stage of sleep where people dream

Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep

every stage of sleep before REM sleep where don’t dream

Dissociation

a split in different levels of consciousness

Hallucination

a fake sensory experience

Delusion

a false belief a person holds on to despite having evidence against those beliefs

Manifest Content

the storyline of a dream; Freud

Latent Content

the hidden meaning behind a dream; Freud

Night Terrors

sleep disorder that causes a person to awake from NREM sleep with feelings of fear

Sleep Apnea

sleep disorder where a person’s breathing stops for 10-20 seconds, causing them to wake up

Insomnia

sleep disorder where a person has difficulty falling or staying asleep

Narcolepsy

sleep disorder where a person has short episodes of suddenly falling asleep at any point during the day

Tolerance

the body’s ignorance of a substance after continuous use

Addiction

having cravings of drugs or maladaptive activities despite knowing the consequences

Withdrawal

discomfort and stress that occurs after leaving a drug or behavior

Depressants

drugs that slow the body down

Stimulants

drugs that speed the body up

Amphetamines

stimulants that give boosts of energy

Hallucinogen

psychedelic drugs that cause hallucinations

Ecstasy (MDMA)

mild hallucinogen

Heroin

opiate depressant that depress neural functions

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

very powerful hallucinogen

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

major active ingredient in marijuana that acts as a mild hallucinogen

Caffeine

stimulant that speeds up the central nervous system