Untitled Flashcards Set

Reaction order

The power to which the concentration of a reactant is raised in a rate law.

Osmosis

The net movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane toward the solution with greater concentration.

Henry’s law

A law stating that the concentration of a gas in a solution is proportional to the pressure of that gas over the solution.

Catalyst

A substance that increases the speed of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing a permanent change.

Reaction mechanism

A detailed picture, or model, of how a chemical reaction occurs.

Solvation

The clustering of solvent molecules around a solute particle.

Intermediate

A substance formed in one elementary step and consumed in a later elementary step.

Molecularity

The number of particles that participate as reactants in an elementary reaction.

Miscible

Liquids that mix in all proportions.

Molality

The ratio of moles of solute to mass of solvent.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture.

Activity

The ratio of a concentration or pressure to a standard concentration or pressure.

Adhesive forces

A force of attraction between molecules in one phase and different molecules in another phase.

Antibonding orbital

A molecular orbital that has electron density concentrated outside the bonding region.

Trigonal bipyramidal

The molecular shape in which a central atom is bonded to five other atoms.

Cubic closest packed

Another name for the face-centered cubic crystal structure.

Surface tension

The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount.

Dispersion forces

The attractive force between molecules generated by temporary dipole moments.

Amorphous solid

A solid whose particle arrangement lacks a regular, long-range pattern.

π bond

A chemical bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of unhybridized orbitals.

Network solid

A solid made up of atoms held together in a crystalline array by covalent bonds.

Intramolecular forces

Forces that exist within a molecule (i.e., chemical bonds).