Untitled Flashcards Set

Reaction order – The power to which the concentration of a reactant is raised in a rate law.

2. C) Osmosis – The net movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane toward the solution with greater concentration.

3. D) Henry’s law – A law stating that the concentration of a gas in a solution is proportional to the pressure of that gas over the solution.

4. O) Catalyst – A substance that increases the speed of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing a permanent change.

5. V) Reaction mechanism – A detailed picture, or model, of how a chemical reaction occurs.

6. E) Solvation – The clustering of solvent molecules around a solute particle.

7. L) Intermediate – A substance formed in one elementary step and consumed in a later elementary step.

8. N) Molecularity – The number of particles that participate as reactants in an elementary reaction.

9. A) Miscible – Liquids that mix in all proportions.

10. B) Molality – The ratio of moles of solute to mass of solvent.

11. P) Solution – A homogeneous mixture.

12. T) Activity – The ratio of a concentration or pressure to a standard concentration or pressure.

Adhesive forces – A force of attraction between molecules in one phase and different molecules in another phase.

2. N) Antibonding orbital – A molecular orbital that has electron density concentrated outside the bonding region.

3. G) Trigonal bipyramidal – The molecular shape in which a central atom is bonded to five other atoms.

4. L) Cubic closest packed – Another name for the face-centered cubic crystal structure.

5. Q) Surface tension – The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount.

6. C) Solution – A homogeneous mixture.

7. J) Dispersion forces – The attractive force between molecules generated by temporary dipole moments.

8. E) Amorphous solid – A solid whose particle arrangement lacks a regular, long-range pattern.

9. U) π bond – A chemical bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of unhybridized orbitals.

10. P) Network solid – A solid made up of atoms held together in a crystalline array by covalent bonds.

11. S) Miscible – Liquids that mix in all proportions.

12. W) Intramolecular forces – Forces that exist within a molecule (i.e., chemical bonds).