Weathering is important in sediment production and rates of recession

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examples of mechanical weathering

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1

examples of mechanical weathering

  • freeze thaw

  • Salt crystallisation

  • Wetting and drying

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2

What is freeze-thaw?

  • water enters a joint/fault

  • Water freezes and expands

  • This exerts pressure on the rock and widens the crack until it breaks off

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3

What is salt crystallisation?

  • water enters a fault/joint at high tide

  • Rock dries at low tide and water evaporates leaving salt crystals that grow over time

  • This creates pressure as they grow overtime until chunks of rock break off

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4

What is wetting and drying?

  • clay in rock expands when wet and contracts when dry

  • This repeating wetting and drying causes cracks and breaks down the rock

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5

Biological weathering

  • vegetation and coastal organisms

  • Thin roots grow into cracks in the cliff face and break off rock when they grow

  • Birds and animals burrow in the cliff

  • Some marine organisms burrow and secrete acid that promotes solution e.g. limpets

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6

What are examples of chemical weathering ?

  • carbonation

  • Oxidation

  • Solution

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7

What is carbonation?

  • rainwater absorbs CO2 and forms a weak carbonic acid

  • This reacts with carbonate rocks e.g. chalk and limestone and becomes easier to dissolve

  • More effective in cooler temps

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8

What is oxidation?

  • minerals in rock react with oxygen in water

  • This causes iron rich rocks to disintegrate

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9

What is solution?

  • rocks dissolving in saline water e.g. halite

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10

How does temperate + precipitation influence weathering?

  • mechanical dominates in cold

  • Chemical dominates in wet + warm

  • Lithology means some rocks are prone to certain types of weathering

E.g. basalt 1-2mm every 1000 years in cold

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