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Explain the causes and effects of the Russian Revolution.
Tsar Nicholas II
The last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1894 until his abdication in 1917 during the Russian Revolution.
Rasputin
Russian mystic and advisor to the Romanov family, particularly close to Tsar Nicholas II and his wife, Alexandra.
World War I
The first global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918, involving many of the world's great powers and resulting in significant political, social, and economic changes.
February/March Revolution
Pivotal uprising in 1917 that led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, the end of the Romanov dynasty in Russia, and the establishment of the Provisional Government.
Bloody Sunday
Violent confrontation that occurred on March 7, 1965, when civil rights marchers were brutally attacked by law enforcement.
Duma
The legislative assembly in the Russian Empire, established after the 1905 Revolution as a response to widespread unrest and demands for political reform.
Provisional Government
A temporary authority established in March 1917 following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II that aimed to create a liberal democracy.
Bolsheviks
A revolutionary political party in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin, advocating for the overthrow of the provisional government and the establishment of a socialist state.
Vladimir Lenin
A Russian revolutionary leader and the founder of the Soviet state.
Petrograd Soviet
Political organization that emerged during the February Revolution of 1917 in Russia, representing workers' and soldiers' interests in the capital, Petrograd.
October Revolution
Pivotal event in 1917 when the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the provisional government in Russia and established a socialist state.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Peace agreement signed on March 3, 1918, between the Central Powers and Soviet Russia, ending Russia's involvement in World War I in exchange for massive land and resources.
Red Army
The military force of the Soviet Union, established after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917.
White Armies
A coalition of anti-Bolshevik forces that fought during the Russian Civil War (1917-1922), opposing the Red Army,
Marxist-Leninist Theory
A political and economic ideology that combines the ideas of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, advocating for the establishment of a socialist state through revolutionary means.
Communism
A political and economic ideology that advocates for a classless society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Russian Civil War
A multi-party conflict (White Army vs Red Army) following the Russian Revolution, resulting in the Bolsheviks seizing control of the country.
Soviet Union
A socialist state that existed from 1922 until its dissolution in 1991, composed of multiple republics under a centralized government based in Moscow.
“Peace, Land, and Bread'“
Key slogan of the Bolshevik Revolution
Alexander Kerensky
Russian revolutionary leader and the Minister of Justice in the Provisional Government until the Bolshevik Revolution.
Leon Trotsky
Marxist figure that helped seize power and led the Red Army during the Russian Civil War.
Lavr Kornilov
Russian general who served under the Tsar and Provisional Government.
Karl Marx
German philosopher, economist, and political theorist who laid work for socialism and communism
Kornilov Affair
Attempted military coup d’etat by Kornilov against the Provisional Government.
Joseph Stalin
Soviet politician and revolutionary who governed the Soviet Union after Vladimir Lenin’s death
