Medterm chapter 8

digestive system

herpes labialis

blister-like sores on the lips and surrounding area

pyrosis/GERD

burning sensation from stomach acid rising from stomach into esophagus

gastritis

inflammation of the stomach lining caused by Heliobacter pylori

peptic ulcers

sores affecting the mucous membranes of the digestive system from Heliobacter pylori found in aspirin and other medications

gastroenterologist

doctor who treats disorders and diseases of the gastrointestinal system

appendicitis

inflammation of the appendix

appendectomy

surgical removal of appendix

gastroparesis

condition in which the muscles of the stomach slow down and work poorly, preventing the stomach from emptying normally.

emesis

vomiting

dehydration

condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake and disrupts the normal electrolyte balance.

malnutrition

condition of lack of proper food or nutrients to the body due to shortage of food, poor eating habits, or the inability of the body to digest, absorb and process nutrients.

halitosis

bad breath

gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

dysphagia

trouble swallowing

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Barrett’s esophagus

condition that occurs when the cells in epithelial tissues of the esophagus are damaged by chronic acid exposure

stricture

abnormal narrowing of the esophagus resulting from scar tissue

hyperemesis

persistent, nonstop vomiting. leads to dehydration

morning sickness/hyperemesis gravidarum

extreme, persistent vomiting in the early stages of pregnancy

celiac disease

hereditary autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to foods containing gluten

colonoscopy

a visual examination of the colon using a scope

polyp

mushroom-like growths in the colon

diverticulosis/diverticulitis

small pouches found in the lining of the colon

colorectal carcinoma

commonly known as colon cancer

Crohn’s disease

chronic autoimmune disorder penetrating every layer of the ileum and colon resulting in scarring and thickening of the walls in this area.

volvulus

a condition of twisting of the intestine on itself causing an obstruction with necrosis of the bowel

clostridium difficile (c. diff)

bacterial infection common to older people following the use of antibiotics which leads to diarrhea and inflammation of the colon

dysentery

bacterial infection occurring in tropical countries that is spread through food or water contaminated by human feces

E. coli

bacterium transmitted through contaminated foods that have not been adequately cooked

bowel incontinence

the inability to control the excretion of feces

constipation

condition of having a bowel movement fewer than 3 times a week with small, hard, dry stools

hemorrhoids

condition of a cluster of veins, muscle, and tissue slipping through the anal opening which are inflamed, painful, itchy, and bleeding with fecal leakage.

melena

bowel movements looking like coffee grounds/black, tarry, foul-smelling stools caused by the presence of digested blood and indication upper GI tract bleeding

ascites

an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

a test using a scope to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

cirrhosis

chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

cholangitis

inflammation of the bile duct

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder associated with gallstones

cholelithiasis

presence of gallstones in the gallbladder and bile ducts

cholecystectomy

surgical removal of the gallbladder

an/o

anus, ring

chol/e

bile, gall

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

col/o, colon/o

colon, large intestine

enter/o

small intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

hepat/o

liver

\-lithiasis

presence of stones

\-pepsia

digest, digestion

\-phagia

eating, swallowing

proct/o

anus and rectum

rect/o

rectum, straight

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

gastr/o

stomach, belly

edema

swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues

BUN

blood urea nitrogen

dental caries

tooth decay, cavities / an infectious disease caused by bacteria that destroy the enamel and dentin of the tooth