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PSY2012 Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding (5th edition)
The binding problem
The challenge of preventing the properties of one object representation from being mistakenly assigned to another (there is no completely model that explains how the brain solves it).
Binders
Transduce external stimuli into neural activity.
Ossicles
The smallest bones in the body located in the middle ear.
Subliminal perception
The unconscious processing of sensory information below the threshold of conscious awareness.
Subliminal persuasion
The act of intentionally influencing someone’s thoughts, feelings, or actions through conscious communication and appeals.
Papillae
Small structures on the tongue that contain taste buds.
Perceptual set
When expectations influence perception.
Somatosensory
The perception of touch, temperature, and pain.
Gustation
The sense of taste.
Vestibular
The sense of balance, spatial orientation, and coordination.
Proprioception
The sense of body position and movement.
Parallel processing
The ability of the brain to simultaneously process multiple aspects of sensory information.
Top-down processing
Uses pre-existing knowledge and expectations to interpret sensory information.
Bottom-up processing
Uses sensory information to build up a final interpretation.
Multilevel processing
Analyzing information at multiple levels, from basic sensory to cognitive thinking.
The visual cliff
Infants can perceive depth (Eleanor Gibson).
Haufe’s principle
The brain processes multiple layers of information to make sense of complex stimuli.
Weber’s law
The stronger the stimulus, the bigger the change needed for a change in stimulus intensity to be noticeable.
Binocular cues
Differences in images that each eye sees to perceive depth and distance.
Convergence (distance)
Stereopsis (depth)
Monocular cues
Visual information that an eye sees to perceive depth and distance.
Occlusion
Relative size
Shadows
Shading
Texture gradient
Linear perspective
Distance to horizon
Sclera
White part of the eye.
Psychic phenomena (ESP)
Precognition - seeing the future.
Clairevoyance - see things beyond the normal range of senses.
Telepathy - communicate thoughts from one mind to another.
Trichromatic theory
Humans see color by combining the wavelengths of red, green, and blue.
Opponent process theory
Humans perceive colors by opposing colors, red and green, blue and yellow, black and white. Explains why we see afterimages.
Gate control model
Distraction is an effective way of short-circuiting painful sensations.
Cochlea
Spiral shaped part of the ear with bony outer portion and a inner fluid cavity.
Human factors
A type of psychology that specializes in designing workplace environments to improve efficiency, reduce fatigue, and decrease stress.
