Chapter 7 Acids, Bases, and Salts

These flashcards cover the key terms and concepts related to acids, bases, and salts, providing definitions and explanations for important chemical terms.

Acids

Chemical substances with a pH less than 7, often sour in taste and can be corrosive.

Bases (Alkalis)

Chemical substances with a pH greater than 7, typically bitter in taste and slippery to the touch.

Neutralization

The reaction between an acid and a base to produce salt and water.

pH Scale

A scale from 0 to 14 used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance; 7 is neutral.

Indicator

A substance that changes color to show whether another substance is an acid or base.

Corrosive

A property of strong acids and bases that can damage or destroy organic tissue.

Sulphuric Acid

A strong acid used in car batteries and to produce fertilizers.

Nitric Acid

A strong acid primarily used for making fertilizers and explosives.

Acid Rain

Rain that is more acidic than normal due to pollutants like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

Sodium Hydroxide

A strong alkali also known as caustic soda, used in soap making and cleaning products.

Carbonic Acid

A weak acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water, commonly found in fizzy drinks.

Salt

An ionic compound formed from the neutralization of an acid by a base.

Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates

Types of salts formed from hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, and nitric acid respectively.

Titration

A laboratory method used to determine the concentration of an acid or base in a solution.

Calamine Lotion

A topical treatment containing zinc carbonate that neutralizes acidic stings from insects.

Agricultural Lime

A soil additive that raises pH and neutralizes acidic soil.

pH Indicator

A chemical that changes color in response to acidity or alkalinity, helping to determine the pH level of a solution.

Hydrochloric Acid

A strong acid found in stomach acid, used in various industrial processes and cleaning agents.

Acid-Base Reaction

A chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base, resulting in the formation of water and salt.

Neutral pH

A pH level of 7, which indicates that a solution is neither acidic nor basic.

Sour Taste

A characteristic often associated with acidic substances.

Bitter Taste

A characteristic often associated with basic substances.