History - China and Mongols Test

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dynastic cycle

rise and fall of dynasties over time

mandate of heaven

divine right to rule

Huang He

“river of sorrows” and floods a lot with yellow, fertile loess

loess

fertile silt in the yellow river

oracle bones

fortune writing that used the first Chinese characters

confucianism

philosophy with belief in order maintaining proper relationships

filial piety

respect for one’s elders

legalism

philosophy with belief in strict rules with harsh punishments

daoism

philosophy with belief in the way of nature and balance (yin-yang)

buddhism

religion with belief in giving up desires

Sui Wendi

emperor that unified China under the Sui

grand canal

waterway that connects north and south china

Tang Taizong

emperor that unified China under the Tang

Wu Zhao / Wu Zetian

only female empress in Chinese history

civil service exams

tests used to appoint the best people to serve in the government

meritocracy

people can move up in society if they are skilled

bureaucracy

appointed official who manage the government or country

Battle of Talas

defeat for the Tang to the Abbasids in central asia

Song Taizu

emperor that unified China under the Song

tributary state

country that pays money to a more powerful country

movable type

method of printing invented in China

gunpowder

explosive material that could be used for fireworks and cannons

paper money

invention from China that increased trade and the economy

magnetic compass

invention from China that advanced naval navigation

land reform

redistributing land to more people from a few

li bo

poet who wrote about life’s pleasures

du fu

poet who wrote about Confucian order

porcelain

chinese ceramics that are translucent

gentry

wealthy educated/landowning class

pagoda

multistoried temple

feet binding

practice that is done to women to make their feet smaller

pastoralists

people who herd animals in the steppe

yurts

mongolian tent houses

ayrag

horse milk yogurt eaten by mongolians

composite bow

bow that Mongolian cavalry used

karakorum

mongol capital

Temujin

unified the mongols into one empire

Genghis Khan

universal ruler

mongol tactics

surrender or be brutally massacred, organizing army into decimal groups, loyal horse-riding soldiers

ogedai khan

son of Genghis Khan

pax mongolica

peace that created safe travel across the silk road

Ilkhanate

mongol Khanate in persia

Chagatai

mongol Khanate in central asia

golden horde

mongol Khanate in russia

yuan dynasty

mongol rule over china

kublai khan

grandson of Genghis khan who began the yuan dynasty by conquering all of china

beijing

kublai khan’s capital

kamikaze

typhoon that stopped the mongol invasion of japan

marco polo

venetian that served Kublai Khan for 17 years, then wrote a book about it while in prison

elders in Confucianism

father, husband, older brother, ruler, friend