PHI can be used educationally if patient information is ________.
redacted
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OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration; ensures safe work environment
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CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; provides recommendations to keep patients and workers safe according to established best practices
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HAI
Healthcare associated infection
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Universal precautions include….
Standard precautions, medical asepsis, breaking chain of infection, hand washing(follow proper technique), sanitization and sterilization of materials, disinfection - limits microbial activity
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Medical asepsis (clean technique)
Used daily in every clinical setting; consists of the removal or REDUCTION of microorganisms after they leave the body and breaking the chain of infection
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Examples of asepsis
washing hands before and after each patient encounter, making sure the workspace is clean, properly cleaning and disinfecting equipment
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Standard precautions for EKG
wear gloves if there are open areas on the skin because these increase the possibility of being exposed to body fluids
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_____ is a body fluid that is NOT considered harmful to others.
Sweat
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MOST IMPORTANT thing that stops the cycle of infection
Good Hand Hygiene
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Accessories that can harbor pathogens
jewelry, rings, and artificial nails
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Sanitization
first step; reduces number of microbes so the equipment is ready for sterilization or disinfection; gloves must be worn
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Disinfection
the process of destroying pathogens on a surface; does not destroy all microbial spores
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Chemical disinfections CANNOT be used on _________.
patients
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The EKG machine leads and exam table should be disinfected after __ ___.
each use
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SDS
Safety data sheets; used in conjunction with PPE to maintain safe work environment
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Only put items with body fluid into a _________ container.
biohazard
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Dispose of any needs or other sharp supplies used during a stress test injection in the appropriate ______ container.
sharps
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EKG technicians are responsible for:
delivering safe patient care, maintaining confidentiality, and ensuring privacy
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Scope of practice is defined by the individual ____ and in compliance with institutional policies and procedures.
state
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EKG technicians must stay up to date on current ___ and ___.
research, technology
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_____ consent is needed for more extensive cardiac testing.
Written
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___ consent is most common for EKGs (i.e. changing into gown, lying down, etc.)
Implied
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Patients should be fully ______ and provided a private and safe environment that limits physical exposure of the patient
informed
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NHA
National HealthCareer Association
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NHA expects professionals to use their best efforts to:
better society and exhibit honesty and professionalism while treating all individuals with respect
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Protecting the privacy and rights of individuals are both ethical considerations and _____ obligations.
legal
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What should an EKG technician let a patient know if thy ask about the results of a test?
Only disclose a confirmation that the EKG was successfully completed and will be interpreted by the provider
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To facilitate communication, maintain a _________ attitude and demonstrate good listening behaviors.
non judgemental
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Good listening behaviors
make eye contact, face the patient, repeat or clarify what the patient says to show understanding, assess the patient’s knowledge to determine health literacy and ability to understand new information
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Therapeutic communication technique
Ask “Can you please state your name and DOB?” rather than asking the patient to confirm the stated information
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Communication cycle
a message is sent by the sender, which is decoded and interpreted by the receiver, who then sends a response back to the original sender
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Analytical patients
do not show emotion; hard to interpret if anxious or not; still provide information
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Intuitive communicator
might not want details but would like to see the big picture
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Prior to explaining the procedure, introduce yourself, including your ____ within the organization and state what will be done.
position
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Display professionalism
physical appearance, eye contact, display understanding and knowledge of situation; can increase patient’s confidence in their care
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Active listening skills
recognize verbal and nonverbal messages (facial expressions, body language)
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Use skilled interviewing techniques
open-ended questions (What medications do you usually take?)
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Provide empathy
do not jump to conclusions or pass judgement
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Practice collaboration
make patient part of healthcare team
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Embrace technology
select no more than 3 communication channels
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A ________ can be warranted when an EKG tech is performing an EKG on a teenage patient, or on a patient who has cognitive deficits or dementia
chaperone
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Make sure the person who is providing assistance to the patient has been authorized by the patient or the court system in the form of ____________________.
durable power of attorney
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People who have ______ impairments can require additional audio, visual media such as written materials, pictures, or audio files
sensory
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Avoid using _____ as interpreters, they might not communicate information accurately.
Patients who have chronic lung conditions and poor oxygen saturation often cannot assume full ______ position; arrange to complete the EKG in a semi-fowlers or other upright position
supine
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Factors that can affect vital signs
stress, food or liquid intake, medical conditions, age and physical activity
________ pressure is recorded when the first sharp tapping sound is heard, which is when the blood begins to surge into the artery that has been occluded by the inflation of the blood pressure cuff (phase 1)
systolic
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_______ pressure is recorded when the last sound disappears completely and the blood is flowing freely (phase 5)
diastolic
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Korotkoff sounds (5 phases)
distinct sounds that are heard throughout the cardiac cycle
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Phase 2 Korotkoff
swishing sound as blood flows through the artery
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Phase 3 Korotkoff
sharp tapping sounds
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Phase 4 Korotkoff
sound changes to a soft tapping sound which begins to muffle
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Electronic equipment can interpret blood pressure without _________.
auscultation
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Heart rate pulse is measured by _________.
palpation
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Radial pulse
thumb side of wrist; most common site for measuring adult pulse
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Brachial pulse
inside upper arm; most common sight for measuring pulse in children
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carotid pulse
located in the neck just below the jawbone; most common sight for use in emergency procedures
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Femoral pulse
strong pulse at this sight demonstrates circulation being sent to the lower extremity
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Pedal pulse
if absent, circulation to the toes is affected
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Apical pulse
is counted by listening to the heartbeat at the apex of the heart
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Pulse is evaluated on…
rate, rhythm (regularity), and volume (strength)
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Thready
a pulse that is faint or difficult to detect
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Bounding
a very strong pulse
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Rate can be affected by
age, activity level, fitness level, motions, body position, body size, medications, environmental temperature, illness, medical conditions
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Measure pulse and blood pressure while the patient is sitting in a resting position with their ____ flat on the ground.
feet
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Average heart rate tends to ____ with age.
slow
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Respirations are evaluated on….
rate, rhythm, depth
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Depth
how much air is inhaled
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Respiratory rates _____ with age and are affected by health conditions or environmental factors.
decrease
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Tachypneic
respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute; are anxious or experiencing respiratory distress
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Bradypnea
respiratory rate less than 10 breaths per minute; side effect of some medications
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Respiratory rates outside the expected rage are serious and can result in…
acid-base imbalance, hypoxia, brain injury, organ failure
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Temperature is an indicator of…
infection, hydration, metabolism
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An oral temp that is over __ degrees F or __ degrees C is considered febrile
99\.5, 37.5
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Pulse oximetry
determines the percentage of oxygen saturation in the body
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Patients displaying symptoms of the following are often assessed with a pulse oximeter
Studied by 16 people
