Imitation, Modeling, and Observational Learning – Key Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering essential terms from the lecture on imitation, modeling, and observational learning in Applied Behavior Analysis.

Imitation

A new behavior that is occasioned by a model, shows formal similarity, occurs shortly after the model, and is primarily controlled by the model itself.

Model

An antecedent stimulus that shares topographical similarity with the behavior to be imitated and occasions that behavior.

Formal Similarity

Physical resemblance between the model’s and the imitator’s responses that occur in the same sensory mode (e.g., both look or sound alike).

Imitation Training

A systematic procedure for teaching learners who do not spontaneously imitate to copy novel modeled actions.

Generalized Imitation

The learner’s ability to imitate untrained, novel models across settings, situations, and people—ultimate goal of imitation training.

Prerequisite Attending Skills

Behaviors such as staying seated, orienting toward the instructor, and looking at presented objects that allow effective observation of a model.

Assessment of Imitative Repertoire

Probing a learner’s current ability to imitate with and without objects, across simple and complex actions, using neutral prompts like “Do this.”

Imitation Training Session

Sequence in which the teacher ensures attention, says “do this,” presents the model, reinforces correct responses, prompts and fades as needed.

Modeling (Behavior-Change Strategy)

Teaching method where learners acquire skills by imitating live or recorded demonstrations of those skills.

Live Model

An in-person demonstration of a target behavior presented for the learner to imitate.

Video Model

A recorded demonstration shown to the learner so they can imitate the depicted behavior.

Guidelines for Effective Modeling

Use models similar to the learner or of high status, emphasize critical behavior components, pair with instructions, teach in natural context, rehearse, and reinforce.

Observational Learning

Learning that occurs by watching another person’s behavior and its consequences, often—but not necessarily—through imitation.

Requisite Skills for Observational Learning

The core abilities of attending, imitating, and discriminating consequences that enable effective learning from others.

Attending

Focusing on the model and instructional materials, a foundational skill for both imitation and observational learning.

Discriminating (in Observational Learning)

Detecting and distinguishing the feedback or consequences delivered to a model and using that information to guide one’s own behavior.