AP Psychology Unit 2 Part 2

Intelligence

Ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

General Intelligence (g)

Concept by Charles Spearman of a intelligence that underlies all mental abilities.

Factor Analysis

Statistical procedure identifying clusters of related items on a test to understand different dimensions of performance.

Primary Mental Abilities

7 categories that underlie different factors in intelligence.

Fluid Intelligence (gf)

Ability to reason speedily and abstractly, declines with age.

Crystallized Intelligence (gc)

Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, increases with age.

Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Theory

Theory that intelligence is based on g and specific abilities bridged by gf and gc.

Relatively Independent Intelligences

Theory created by Howard Gardner of 8-9 different types of intelligences.

Savant Syndrome

Condition where someone otherwise limited in mental abilities has an exceptional specific skill.

Triarchic Theory

Theory created by Robert Sternberg that proposes three measurable types of intelligence, practical, creative, and analytical.

Grit

Passion and perseverance in achieving long term goals.

Social Intelligence

Knowledge implicit in social situations and self-management.

Emotional Intelligence

Type of social intelligence that includes the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.

Intelligence Test

Method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and quantifying them through numerical scores.

Achievement Tests

Tests that reflect previous learning.

Aptitude Tests

Tests that are designed to predict an individual’s future performance.

Aptitude

The ability to learn.

Eugenics

Movement created by Francis Galton motivating only those “biologically superior” to reproduce.

Mental Age

A measure of intelligence developed by Alfred Binet, the level of intelligence associated with children of a certain chronological age.

Stanford-Binet Test

Revision of Binet’s test by Lewis Terman, widely used.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Originally defined as (Mental Age)/(Chronological Age) X 100, now standardized with average performance being 100.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Most widely used modern test, uses 15 different subcategories to measure intelligence.

Psychometric

Referring to the study of human abilities, aptitudes, and traits.

Standardization

Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparing results with those of a pretest group.

Flynn Effect

The rise of intelligence test performance over time and across cultures.

Reliability

The extent to which tests yield consistent scores.

Content Validity

The extent to which a test samples behavior of interest.

Construct Validity

How much a test measures a concept/trait.

Predictive Validity

Success with which a test predicts behavior it is designed to predict.