COm100 Exam 3

Small group characteristics

Attributes of a small group, including shared goals, interdependence, mutual influence, face-to-face interaction, and a limited number of members (usually 3–7).

Advantages of small groups

Benefits such as greater creativity, collaboration, and diversity of perspectives.

Disadvantages of small groups

Issues including conflict, groupthink, and slower decision-making.

Individual roles

Behaviors focused on satisfying individual needs within a group, potentially detracting from group goals.

Task roles

Roles focused on achieving group objectives, like initiating ideas and coordinating activities.

Relational roles

Roles that manage relationships and maintain group dynamics, such as encouraging and mediating conflicts.

Authoritarian leader

A leader who makes decisions independently and exercises strong control over the group.

Democratic leader

A leader who encourages group participation and values collaboration in decision-making.

Laissez-faire leader

A leader who provides minimal direction and allows group members to take initiative.

Transformational leadership

Leadership that inspires and motivates group members by focusing on the group's vision.

Charismatic leadership

Leadership based on the leader's personal charm and ability to inspire followers emotionally.

Servant leadership

Leadership focused on serving the needs of the group and empowering members.

Primary tension

Initial discomfort or awkwardness when a group first forms.

Secondary tension

Conflicts that arise as the group progresses, often related to decision-making or differing opinions.

Groupthink

Members feel pressure to conform, illusion of invulnerability/unanimity

Conflict management styles

Strategies for handling conflict, including avoiding, accommodating, competing, collaborating, and compromising.

Function of communication

Production, Maintenance, and Innovation

Production communication

Communication focused on creating and distributing products or services.

Maintenance communication

Communication that ensures stability and continuity within an organization.

Innovation communication

Communication aimed at encouraging change, creativity, and new ideas.

Formal structure

The official, hierarchical framework of an organization, including job roles and reporting relationships.

Informal structure

Unofficial, social networks and interactions within an organization.

Organizational culture

Shared values, norms, and practices that shape the environment of an organization.

Organizational climate

The overall atmosphere and feelings experienced by members of an organization.

Assimilation

The process through which new employees integrate into an organization, learning its culture and norms.

Semantic-information distance

The gap between how employees and managers understand information.

Upward distortion

The alteration or filtering of information as it moves from subordinates to superiors.

Burnout

Physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion caused by prolonged stress in the workplace.

Work-life conflict

Tension arising from incompatible demands between one's professional and personal life.

Rhetoric

Communication that is used to influence the attitudes and behaviors of others

Sophists

Ancient Greek teachers of rhetoric who emphasized persuasive techniques.

Orator

A skilled public speaker.

Rhetor

A person who constructs and delivers rhetorical messages.

Artistic proofs

Persuasive appeals crafted by the speaker, including ethos, pathos, and logos.

Ethos

Appeal based on the speaker's character and credibility; most important

Pathos

Appeal to the audience's emotions.

Logos

Appeal to logic and reason; logical proof

Epideictic rhetoric

Rhetoric used to praise or blame, often in ceremonial contexts.

Deliberative rhetoric

Rhetoric aimed at influencing future actions, often in political or policy settings.

Forensic rhetoric

Rhetoric used in legal contexts to argue guilt or innocence.

General purpose

The broad aim of a speech, such as to inform, persuade, or entertain.

Audience analysis

Assessing the characteristics, interests, and needs of the audience to tailor a message effectively.

Specific purpose

The precise goal of a speech.

Thesis statement

A clear, concise statement summarizing the main idea of a speech.

Supporting materials

Evidence, examples, or data used to bolster a speech's argument.

Visual aids

Tools such as charts, images, or slides that enhance a speech's clarity and impact.

Chronological pattern

A speech structure that organizes content by time sequence.

Spatial pattern

A structure that organizes content based on physical or geographical relationships.

Topical pattern

A structure that organizes content into categories or themes.

Problem-solution pattern

A structure that presents a problem and outlines possible solutions.

Cause-effect pattern

A structure that explains the causes of an issue and its effects.

Introduction

The opening of a speech, designed to capture attention and establish credibility.

Signposts

Words or phrases that guide the audience through the speech.

Conclusion

The closing of a speech, summarizing key points and leaving a lasting impression.

Delivery

The method and style of presenting a speech, including voice, gestures, and pacing.

Culture industries

Organizations that produce and distribute cultural products like music, films, and books.

Mass media effects

The influence that mass media has on attitudes, behaviors, and social norms.

Media text

Any content produced by the media, such as a TV show, advertisement, or article.

Selective exposure

The tendency of individuals to prefer media that aligns with their existing beliefs.

Content analysis

Trends evident between media consumption and social identities, representation of groups, voter agenda, mean world syndrome

Agenda-setting

Power of media to influence what we think about through promoting and repeating messages in media

Cultivation theory

Effect of cumulative exposure to media; understanding of the world

Media violence

Depictions of violent acts in media and their potential impact on viewers' behavior.

Media activism

Efforts to promote positive changes in media practices or challenge harmful content.

Trait Theory

Leaders are born, Associated with extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and intelligence, Is debatable

Functional

Leaders are made, Leadership behaviors are learned, Seen as skill, attitude, Flexible to group needs, Leaders can emerge in situational contexts, Shared leadership