COm100 Exam 3
Small group characteristics: Attributes of a small group, including shared goals, interdependence, mutual influence, face-to-face interaction, and a limited number of members (usually 3–15).
Advantages/disadvantages: Benefits of small groups include greater creativity, collaboration, and diversity of perspectives. Disadvantages can include conflict, groupthink, and slower decision-making.
Individual roles: Behaviors focused on satisfying individual needs within a group, which may detract from the group's goals.
Task roles: Roles focused on achieving group objectives, such as initiating ideas, providing information, and coordinating activities.
Relational roles: Roles that help manage relationships and maintain the group dynamic, such as encouraging and mediating conflicts.
Authoritarian leader: A leader who makes decisions independently and exercises strong control over the group.
Democratic leader: A leader who encourages group participation and values collaboration in decision-making.
Laissez-faire leader: A leader who provides minimal direction and allows group members to take initiative and make decisions.
Transformational leadership: Leadership that inspires and motivates group members by focusing on the group's vision and higher goals.
Charismatic leadership: Leadership based on the leader's personal charm and ability to inspire followers emotionally.
Servant leadership: Leadership focused on serving the needs of the group and empowering members.
Primary tension: Initial discomfort or awkwardness when a group first forms.
Secondary (recurring) tension: Conflicts that arise as the group progresses, often related to decision-making or differing opinions.
Groupthink: A phenomenon where the desire for group harmony leads to poor decision-making and the suppression of dissenting views.
Conflict management styles: Strategies for handling conflict, including avoiding, accommodating, competing, collaborating, and compromising.
Function: The specific purpose or activity of communication within an organization, such as production, maintenance, or innovation.
Production: Communication focused on creating and distributing products or services.
Maintenance: Communication that ensures stability and continuity within an organization.
Innovation: Communication aimed at encouraging change, creativity, and new ideas.
Formal structure: The official, hierarchical framework of an organization, including job roles and reporting relationships.
Informal structure: Unofficial, social networks and interactions within an organization.
Organizational culture: Shared values, norms, and practices that shape the environment of an organization.
Organizational climate: The overall atmosphere and feelings experienced by members of an organization.
Assimilation: The process through which new employees integrate into an organization, learning its culture and norms.
Semantic-information distance: The gap between how employees and managers understand information.
Upward distortion: The alteration or filtering of information as it moves from subordinates to superiors.
Burnout: Physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion caused by prolonged stress in the workplace.
Work-life conflict: Tension arising from incompatible demands between one's professional and personal life.
Rhetoric: The art of persuasion through effective speaking or writing.
Sophists: Ancient Greek teachers of rhetoric who emphasized persuasive techniques.
Orator: A skilled public speaker.
Rhetor: A person who constructs and delivers rhetorical messages.
Artistic proofs: Persuasive appeals crafted by the speaker, including ethos (credibility), pathos (emotions), and logos (logic).
Ethos: Appeal based on the speaker's character and credibility.
Pathos: Appeal to the audience's emotions.
Logos: Appeal to logic and reason.
Epideictic rhetoric: Rhetoric used to praise or blame, often in ceremonial contexts.
Deliberative rhetoric: Rhetoric aimed at influencing future actions, often in political or policy settings.
Forensic rhetoric: Rhetoric used in legal contexts to argue guilt or innocence.
General purpose: The broad aim of a speech, such as to inform, persuade, or entertain.
Audience analysis: Assessing the characteristics, interests, and needs of the audience to tailor a message effectively.
Specific purpose: The precise goal of a speech.
Thesis statement: A clear, concise statement summarizing the main idea of a speech.
Supporting materials: Evidence, examples, or data used to bolster a speech's argument.
Visual aids: Tools such as charts, images, or slides that enhance a speech's clarity and impact.
Chronological pattern: A speech structure that organizes content by time sequence.
Spatial pattern: A structure that organizes content based on physical or geographical relationships.
Topical pattern: A structure that organizes content into categories or themes.
Problem–solution pattern: A structure that presents a problem and then outlines possible solutions.
Cause–effect pattern: A structure that explains the causes of an issue and its effects.
Introduction: The opening of a speech, designed to capture attention and establish credibility.
Signposts: Words or phrases that guide the audience through the speech, such as "first" or "next."
Conclusion: The closing of a speech, summarizing key points and leaving a lasting impression.
Delivery: The method and style of presenting a speech, including voice, gestures, and pacing.
Culture industries: Organizations that produce and distribute cultural products, such as music, films, and books.
Mass media effects: The influence that mass media has on attitudes, behaviors, and social norms.
Media text: Any content produced by the media, such as a TV show, advertisement, or article.
Selective exposure: The tendency of individuals to prefer media that aligns with their existing beliefs and avoid conflicting content.
Content analysis: A research method used to analyze patterns and themes in media content.
Agenda-setting: The theory that media influence what topics people think about by choosing which issues to highlight.
Cultivation theory: The idea that long-term exposure to media shapes individuals' perceptions of reality.
Media violence: Depictions of violent acts in media and their potential impact on viewers' behavior.
Media activism: Efforts to promote positive changes in media practices or challenge harmful content.