Civil War Study Guide - Honors US History

Reading Questions

What was the Wilmot Proviso and how did it effect issues in the election of 1848

It tried to ban slavery in the lands gained from the war with Mexico/The Mexican Cession

Democrats & Whigs would try to avoid the topic of slavery in the election & the Free-soil party was founded

Reading Questions

Explain the Young America movement and what were 3 areas they pushed to extend American influence

Movement in the democratic party that looked to expand democracy through out the world or take the focus away from sectionalism and slavery

It ooked to expand into Cuba/Carribbean, Hawaii/Pacific, Western Hemisphere/Central America & Canada, & Europe

Reading Questions

What was the “Free Soil” Ideology and how was its view on slavery different from abolitionist views

Belief that slavery was a moral evil and must be eliminated, right for all citizens, including slaves, to own property. control their labor, and have access to opportunities for advancement

wanted to stop slavery from spreading in the west

Reading Questions

Explain John C. Calhoun’s Pro-Slavery Argument

Southerners would stop apologizing for slavery

Slaves are better off than workers in the north

Slave owners treated their slaves well/spoiled them

Reading Questions

How did the Republican Party try to broaden its appeal in the election of 1860

High Tariff

Internal improvements

Said the south was trying to block economc aspirations

Pacific railroad bill

Homestead bill

Adopted the whig platform

Reading Questions

Briefly explain the Crittenden Compromise and why it failed?

Called to amend the constitution to guarantee permanently the right to slavery in slave states or extend 36 30 line

Reading Questions

How did the Federal Governement work to finance the war?

Levying taxes, issuing paper currency, and borrowing money

Reading Questions

What caused the Draft Riots during the War and what effect did they have?

Irish workers blamed blacks for war

Felt draft was unfair to poor people

Effect was racial tensions in northern cities

Reading Questions

What are some examples of how Black soldiers were mistreated during the war?

1. Many died from disease from working long hours in unsanitary conditions

2. African American soldiers were paid a third less than white soldiers

3. If slaves escaped they were send back to their masters or executed

4. Black mortality rate is higher than white soldiers

Reading Questions

Before the Emancipation Proclamation what were some attempts by Lincoln to end slavery?

1. Confiscation Acts 1 & 2

2. Supporting the Union during the war

3. Freed slaves in DC and Western territories

4. Allowed slaves to serve in the Northern Army

Reading Questions

How did the war impact economic development and labor?

Coal production increased

Railroads improved

mechanization of agriculture increased due to loss of the farm labor

Influx of workers mostly immigtants

Republican party passed economic legislation

Reading Questions

What was the King Cotton Diplomacy?

Southerners tried to take away France and New England’s cotton in hopes that they would support the South

Reading Questions

What impact did the North’s victory in the war have on the North

Economy benefited due to the development of many industries including textile and iron production

Increase growth in factories and rail roads

Reading Questions

What impact did the North’s victory in the war have on the South

South had difficulty with manufacturing goods

Economy is destroyed loss of male population

Reading Questions

What impact did the North’s victory in the war have on the African Americans

The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves

Causes for the Civil War

What were the causes of the Civil War

1. Sectionalism

2. state’s rights to slavery

3. economies for or against slavery

4. Election of 1860 - Fear that Lincoln would get rid of slavery

Causes for the Civil War

How did the balance of power between the slave and free states cause sectionalism problems in 1848

New Mexico & California apply to become free states which upsets the south because it throws of the balance of states;

15 free states, 15 slave states, North controls house of reps, South controls Senate

Causes for the Civil War

What did the compromise of 1850 do?

1. California becomes a free state

2. Utah & New Mexico would use Popular Sovereignty

3. Fugitive Slave Law - help capture run away slaves in North

4. NO more sale of slaves in Washington DC

Causes for the Civil War

Why did the Compromise of 1850 not solve the problems caused by slavery?

All sides were unhappy

President Taylor threatens to veto it but dies before he can

President Filmore signs it into law

Causes for the Civil War

What was popular sovereignty

let territories vote on whether or not they would become a slave or free state

Causes for the Civil War

Who came up with popular sovereignty?

Stephen Douglas

Causes for the Civil War

What was the underground rail road?

Secret passages made to help runaway slaves escape

Causes for the Civil War

What book did Harriet Beecher Stowe write and what effect did it have?

Uncle Tom’s Cabin - told the horrors of slavery

Causes for the Civil War

What was the Ostend Manifesto

plot to take over Cuba & make it a slave state

Causes for the Civil War

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Stephen Douglas allows for popular sovereignty in lord of Louisiana Purchase

Causes for the Civil War

What political party was formed in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Republican party

Causes for the Civil War

Why did the South support both the Ostend Manifesto & Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Both Supported Slavery

Causes for the Civil War

What does “Bleeding Kansas”refer to?

fighting breaks out in Kansas over pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces

Causes for the Civil War

Explain the Supreme Court case Dred Scott v. Sanford

Supreme court says blacks are not citizens & slaves are property that can be taken anywhere

(court case was about whether or not a slave was free if they lived in a free state)

Causes for the Civil War

How did Lincoln gain national attention as an opponent of popular sovereignty & as leader in the Republican Party?

Lincoln-Douglas Debates - Debated over popular sovereignty and he brought the issue into national headlines, makes Lincoln a hero to anti-slavery forces.

Causes for the Civil War

What split the Democratic Party in the election of 1860?

Slavery

Causes for the Civil War

Who were the candidates in the election of 1860 & what parties did they belong to?

2 Democrats - Douglas & Breckenridge

Republican - Lincoln

Constitutional Union Party - Bell

Causes for the Civil War

Who won the election of 1860 & with what percent of the popular vote?

Lincoln won with 39% of popular vote

Causes for the Civil War

Why did Lincoln’s election cause the South to leave the Union

Thought LIncoln was going to take away their slaves

War Begins

What was the first state to leave the Union?

South Carolina

War Begins

What other states followed South Carolina in leaving the Union?

Florida, Georgia, Texas. Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi

War Begins

What was a border state? Did they leave the union?

A slave state that did not leave the Union

War Begins

What country did the border states attempt to form? Who was elected President?

Confederate States of America

Jefferson Davis was elected president

War Begins

What was the signifance of Fort Sumter?

the attack on Fort Sumter started the fighting of the civil war

War Begins

What other states left the union after the attack of Fort Sumter?

Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas

War Begins

What was the South’s strategy to win the war?

War of attrition

Cotton Diplomacy

outlast the political will of the North to continue fighting the war by demostrating that it would be long & costly

War Begins

What is a blockade?

War Begins

What is war of attrition

Outlast the other side & force them to sign a treaty

War Begins

What was the North’s strategy to win the war?

Anaconda plan

War Begins

What was the Anaconda Plan?

1. fully blockade all southern coasts & eliminate the possibility of confederate help from abroad

2. Union tired to capture the mississippi to cut the south in half

3. Union tried to capture Richmond

War Begins

What were the advantages of the North?

1. North manufactured most of the country’s goods

2. north had twice the density of railroads per square mile

3. the north controlled the navy

4. over twice the population of the south

War Begins

What were the advantages of the South?

1. More military schools = more highly trained officers

2. fighting to keep their slaves = higher morale

3. fighting in their own territory

4. only had to fight a defensive war

War Begins

What was the Trent Affair?

Union war ships stop the British ship Trent & arrest confederate officials

War Begins

Early in the war, why would Lincoln not make slavery the focus of the war?

He didn’t want to lose the border states

War in the West

Who was the commander of the Union forces in the West

General Grant

War in the West

What was the North’s strategy in the West

Seize the Mississippi. Cumberland, & Tennessee Rivers

War in the West

What happened at the Battle of Shiloh?

First Major Battle in the West, Union Wins

War in the West

Who captured New Orleans & why was it important

Admiral David Farragut captures New Orleans

War in the West

Why was the fall of Vicksburg important?

Was the las southern stronghold on the Mississippi River, South cut in half

War in the West

What Union general marched through the Deep South destroying everything in his path?

What effect did this have?

Grant

lead to Lee surrendering

War in the East

What was the first major battle in the East?

Battle of Bull Run

War in the East

Who commanded the Southern forces (Army of Northern Virginia) for most of the war?

Lee

War in the East
How did the South try to break the Union Blockade of its ports? What was the North’s response?

Built the Ironclad ship

North’s response was to build their own ship called the Monitor

War in the East

What battle took place when Lee invaded Maryland?

Battle of Antietam

War in the East

What did Lincoln do after the battler of antietam

took action into stopping slavery (emancipation proclamation)

War in the East

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

allows blacks to serve in the military

War in the East

Why had Lincoln hesitated in issuing the emancipation proclamation?

he feared that border states would leave the union

War in the East

How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the focus of the war?

focus shifted to the freedom of slaves

kept Britain from aiding the south

Blacks motivated to join Union army

War in the East

What battle took place when Lee invaded Pennsylvania

Battle of Gettysburg

War in the East

Why did Lee & Southern leaders decide to change strategies and invade the North?

They thought defensive strategy wouldn’t suit the needs of the Confederacy

Get Union to sign a treaty

War in the East

What general opposed Lee & the Southern leaders

General Meade

War in the East

Why is the Battle of Gettysburg calledd the “High Water Mark of the Confederacy” or the turning point of the war?

It was the closest the North has been to winning the war/the North is now winning the war

War in the East

What famous speech did Lincoln give after the battle of Gettysburg, what did it say about the war?

Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address

It said that when the Civil War is won new freedom will be brought with the abolishment of slavery

Election of 1864

How did Lincoln try to increase enlistment in the military?

Lincoln established a draft

Election of 1864

How did Lincoln attempt to raise money for the war?

Greenbacks - gov printed more money

Income tax & sells bonds

Election of 1864

Who ran against Lincoln as the Democratic nomination for President?

McClellan

Election of 1864

What was a copperhead?

Democrats sympathetic to the South

Election of 1864

Who did Lincoln make Lieutenant General, commander of all the Union troops?

Grant

Election of 1864

What was Grant’s strategy in fighting the wa

total war - destroying everything in the South

Election of 1864

Why did Lincoln fear he would lose the election of 1864?

War is still not over, draft riots, and high casualties

Election of 1864

What helped Lincoln to win the election?

Sherman & Sheridan were both successful & majority of troops vote for Lincoln

Election of 1864

Where were Robert E. Lee & the Southern army, finally trapped by the Union army and surrendered?

Southern Army surrendered at Appomattox

Election of 1864

What happened to Lincoln shortly after the surrender at Appomattox?

Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth

Effects of the War

What role did women play in the war?

1. supplied soldiers

2. provided medical care

3. worked as spies

4. manage the home

5. run farms & businesses

6. union had the most organized nursing by relief efforts organized by women

Effects of the War

Who was Dorothea Dix?

She founded the sanitary commission

Effects of the War

Who was Clara Barton?

She founded the Red Cross

Effects of the War

What role did African Americans play in the war?

1. served as spies & scouts to the Union Army

2. blacks on both sides served in relief roles

3. Africans in the Confederacy were still slaves & served in labor positions for the Confederate army

4. few Africans fought for the South because the war was about ending slavery

Effects of the War

What effect did the war have on the North economically?

The economy grew & industry boomed

Effects of the War

What effect did the war have on the South economically?

Economy was devastated, male population wiped out, loss of property and work force

Effects of the War

What did the 13th Amendment do?

End Slavery

Effects of the War

What did the 14th Amendment do?

Blacks are citizens

Effects of the War

What did the 15th Amendment do?

Black men can vote

Effects of the War

What other political effects did the war have?

Federal Government was supreme

South was solidly democratic & African Americans solidly supported the Republican party (Lincoln= Republican)

Union, Border, or Confederate?

Oregon

Union

Union, Border, or Confederate?

California

Union

Union, Border, or Confederate?

Missouri

Border

Union, Border, or Confederate?

Kentucky

Border

Union, Border, or Confederate?

West Virginia

Border

Union, Border, or Confederate?

Virginia

Confederate

Union, Border, or Confederate?

Texas

Confederate

Union, Border, or Confederate?

Arkansas

Confederate

Union, Border, or Confederate?

Louisiana

Confederate

Union, Border, or Confederate?

Florida

Confederate

Union, Border, or Confederate?

Tennessee

Confederate

Union, Border, or Confederate?

Mississippi

Confederate