ch 2 lesson 4-6

Mercantilism

Economic system used by European countries

Goal of Mercantilism

Become self sufficient- limit dependency on other countries

mother country

In mercantilism colonies are set up to benefit the ____.

M and M theory

Colonies supply the mother country with (______)

Raw materials

______ ____made into finished goods (lumber)

Markets

_____ for manufactured goods (furniture) colonists buy

gold and silver

- More coming in then going out

export more than import

favorable balance of trade (sell more goods than it bought)

reliable and consistent

Effects on the 13 colonies benefits
A ______ and _____ market for raw materials

manufactured goods

effects on 13 colonies benefits
received a steady supply of

shipbuilding

effects on 13 colonies benefits
created some industry in the colonies like _____

european countries

effects on 13 colonies drawbacks
could not buy goods or sell good to other

manufacture their own gods

effects on 13 colonies drawbacks
colonists were not allowed to

england (colonists started to smuggle

effects on 13 colonies drawbacks
forced to buy from

no free enterprise

Proublem - Britain dictated prices

seeds to the revolution are planted

system angered colonists

cotton, tobacco, iron etc

Raw materials such as _____ went to england

manufactured products

_____ went back to the colonies

King charles 2 and parliament
tighten its control

The navigation acts passed by ______ and _____ then caused britain to

navigation acts

A series of laws to regulate and boost colonial economies

the rules of Mercantilism

Navigation acts forced colonists to follow

promoted shipbuilding and supervision of trade

started in 1660
no country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were in English or colonial ships

created job opportunities - sailors

all ships had to have crews that were 3/4 english or colonial

enumerated articles - list varied depending on need

Colonies could export certain products only to England

tax placed on them - revenue maker for england

most goods had to pass through english ports

the english and the colonists

This system benefited both

dockworkers and lumber industry

creation of jobs like

(Tariffs) - tax on foreign goods

increase in import taxes

helped the colonial economy

boom in shipbuilding

highest price

colonists could not sell goods for the

free market did not exist

limited the market for goods

break the law - smuggle goods

many colonist began to

1685 king charles 2

dies - his brother james 2 takes over sends a message

new england colonies

james 2 tightened control over _____ by revoking their charters

new york and new jersey, new england colonies

combines ____ and with ____ colonies into one vast colony

dominion of New England

called the combination of NY and NJ with New england the _____ - it punished colonists for smuggling

local government officials

____ were replaced by king appointed officials

Edmond Andros

____ was appointed Governor - strict ruler who made enemies fast

puritan beliefs, all voting rights

Edmond Andros questioned _____ and took away ______.

anti parliament, catholic

King James 2 was not popular- ______ and was a _____

Parliament

_____ feared a potential long catholic dynasty of kings

Protestant daughter

James 2 had a _____- Mary - Parliament wanted her to lead

Bloodless revolution

1689- Parliament led a "____"

Mary and her husband William

King james 2 fled, and _____ became joint monarchs

Colonists over throw him

since james 2 appointed Edmund Andros- _____ Dominion of new england is over

monarchy's power

parliament would limit the _____ and increase theirs

English Bill of Rights

Parliament created the _______- guaranteed individual rights and freedoms

1691

_____- England begins to loosen its reign over the colonies

Salutary neglect

A policy which allowed the colonies self rule and to develop without over regulation

colonial cooperation

In return England expected _____ with economic policies and loyalty

intellectual movement, the enlightenment

philosophical and ______ that emphasized the use of reason and believed that the world is governed by fixed mathematical and scientific laws

government, society, economics

In the 1700s ideas were applied to ____,_____, ______

Europeans

The enlightenment was led by

natural rights

John locke

social contract

jean jacques rousseau

three branches system of government

baron de montesquieu

ben franklin

the key American enlightenment figure was _____ who used experimentation to acquire knowledge

author

Ben franklin was the _____ of several almanacs and books

Republicanism

Effect of the enlightenment - A government chosen by the people

natural rights

Effect of the enlightenment - guaranteed for all - life, liberty, property

social contract

Effect of the enlightenment - the _____ theory of government which allows for peaceful transition of power

three branch system

Effect of the enlightenment- establishment of the _____- legislative, executive, judicial

experimentation

Effect of the enlightenment- increase interest in math, science, and ______

higher education

Effect of the enlightenment- Interests in _______ grew and established schools like Princeton, Brown, Dartmouth, and Colombia

American Revolution

challenging authority - ideas lead to the _______

religious movement, the great awakening

An emotional _______ whose goal was to bring people back to the church and rededicate themselves to God.

1700s

The great awakening happened in ____

Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield

key leaders in the great awakening

energetic and dramatic

Preachers held _____ sermons outside in front of hundreds sometimes thousands of people

18,000

George Whitefield gave over _____ sermons throughout the colonies

scare

The most famous sermon was Jonathan Edwards's "sinners in the hands of an angry go"- attempted to _____ people back to religion

membership

effects of great awakening - _______ to churches increased across the colonies

authority, freedom of religion

effects of great awakening - Challenged the ___ of established and existing churches - promoted _______

new churches

effects of great awakening - Created _______ like the Baptist and Methodist congregations

worship, government

effects of great awakening - colonists began to believe that if they could chose their method of _____ they should have the right to choose their own form of ______.

New england colonies

conflict with natives over land

new england

susbsistence farmers, short growing season, corn

middle colonies

friendly relations with natives

middle colonies

a mixed economy

south colonies

inadequate education system

southern colonies

charleston largest port city

similarties between colonies

population increased, slaves, farming, triangular trade, cash crops

Magna carta

English document from 1215 that limited the power of the king and provided basic rights

250,000

By 1700s how many people of European background lived in the colonies

90%

During the 1600s what was the percentage of people who moved to the colonies that were from england

50%

How many of these people came over as indentured servants

economy improved and political and religious conflict ended

After 1660 why did an increasing number of English choose to stay in England

United kingdom of Great Britian formed - England, wales, scotland (same king)

what political event allowed the Scottish to gain easier access to the colonies after 1707

Pennsylvania to carolinas, mountains west to mountainous "backcountry"

where did most of the Scots-irish settle once arriving in the colonies

War, taxes, and religious persecution

what were some factors that motivated Germans to migrate to the colonies

Pennsylvania

what colony did the german immigrants settle in and become prosperous

mid 1600s

when did most colonies begin to pass laws that supported the permanent enslavement of Africans

1.5 million

During the 1700s approximately how many slaves did the British colonies import

colonial economies revolve around trading slaves and providing food and goods to the west indies to feed slaves

How did american colonists grow rich from the slave trade

Triangular Trade

Enslaved Africans came to the Americas as part of a three-part voyage

middle passage

The forced transport of enslaved Africans from West Africa to the Americas

10%

what percentage of salved died before they reached the colonies due to these conditions

slave acutions

where did colonists buy African slaves once they reached America

to make escape or rebelling more difficult

why were slave families broken up by colonial buyers

Farmhands, dockworkers, sailors, house servants

identify what types of jobs slaves in the middle and new england colonies performed