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44 Terms
1
Sexual strategies theory
A theory that maintains that women and men have evolved distinct mating strategies due to different adaptive problems over human history.
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2
Emotion
An immediate, specific negative or positive response to environmental events or internal thoughts.
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Feeling
The subjective experience of emotion.
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Mood
Diffuse, long-lasting emotional states generally without an identifiable trigger.
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5
Primary emotions
Emotions that are innate, evolutionarily adaptive, and universal.
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Secondary emotions
Emotions that are shown in specific regions and are blends of primary emotions.
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7
Circumplex model
A model that describes emotional valence as how positive or negative an emotion is and emotional arousal as the level of physiological activation an emotion elicits.
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8
Insula
A brain region that receives and integrates somatosensory signals, making us aware of our bodily states, and plays a role in disgust, anger, guilt, and anxiety.
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9
Amygdala
A brain structure that processes the emotional significance of stimuli and generates appropriate responses based on their significance.
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10
James-Lange theory of emotion
The belief that our body perceives an emotion and responds prior to us being able to assign an emotion to our feelings.
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11
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
The theory that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences.
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12
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
The belief that the body and mind receive emotional signals simultaneously and separately.
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13
Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion
A theory that suggests emotion is based on physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal.
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14
Misattribution of arousal
The incorrect identification of the sources of one's arousal.
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15
Excitation transfer
Residual physiological arousal that is misattributed to a new stimulus.
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16
Affect-as-information
The use of moods to make judgments.
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17
Somatic markers
Bodily reactions arising from emotional evaluation of action consequences.
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18
Display Rules
Socially learned rules that dictate which emotions are appropriate for specific situations.
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19
Motivation
A process that energizes, guides, and maintains behavior toward a goal.
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Need
A state of biological or social deficiency.
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21
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
A theory that states basic survival needs must be met before higher-order needs can be satisfied.
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22
Self-actualization
A state achieved when one’s personal dreams have been fulfilled.
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23
Drive
A psychological state that motivates an organism to satisfy needs by creating arousal.
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Homeostasis
The tendency for bodily functions to maintain equilibrium.
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Yerkes-Dodson Law
The principle stating that an optimal level of arousal is necessary to perform tasks effectively.
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Incentives
External objects or goals that motivate behaviors.
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Extrinsic Motivation
Motivation driven by external rewards or goals.
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Intrinsic Motivation
Motivation driven by internal desires.
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Self-determination theory
A theory positing that people are motivated to satisfy needs for competence and autonomy.
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Self-perception theory
The theory that people are often unaware of their specific motives and are more likely to act when offered external rewards.
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Self-regulation
The process of altering behavior to achieve goals.
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Albert Bandura
A psychologist who emphasized the role of personal expectations for success in motivation.
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Achievement motive
The desire to perform well relative to standards of excellence.
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Need to Belong Theory
The theory that the need for interpersonal attachments is a fundamental motive.
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Social Comparison Theory
The theory stating that people are motivated to have accurate information about themselves and others.
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36
Hyperphagia
An abnormal increase in the sensation of hunger, often leading to obesity.
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Aphagia
An inability or refusal to swallow food, potentially leading to weight loss or death.
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Gourmand Syndrome
An obsession with the quality and variety of food resulting from damage to the limbic system.
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Glucostatic theory
The theory that the body monitors glucose levels in the blood to regulate hunger.
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Lipostatic theory
The theory that the body monitors fat levels to regulate eating behavior.
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Leptin
A hormone that regulates body fat by signaling the brain to stop consumption.
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42
Ghrelin
A hormone that triggers eating; levels surge when weight is lost.
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43
Sensory-specific satiety
The phenomenon where we tire of the same flavor but can continue eating when presented with new flavors.
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Sexual Response Cycle
A four-stage pattern of physiological and psychological responses during sexual activity.
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