Anth 102 Final Notes

first hominin species to reach 800 cc (double brain size average of chimpanzees

Homo rudolfensis

hypothesis that posits that primate features emerged as an adapation to the shrubby forest undergrowth where proto-primates hunted insects

the visual-predation hypothesis

erupted permanent lower first molar by age 3

Australopithecus afarensis

estimated brain size for Homo rudolfensis

800 cc

fossils attributed to the species Australopithecus africanus have been recovered from

South Africa

Australopithecus africanus location

South Africa

three features displayed by every member of the genus Paranthropus

sagittal crest, molarized premolars, and massive molars

Australopithecus sediba location

South Africa

Paranthropus boisei location

East Africa

what position of the foramen magnum indicates a hominin that moves around using bipedal locomotion

anterior, close to the front teeth

Pan troglodytes average brain size

400cc

what was the first hominin species out of Africa

Homo erectus

which Ogliocene fossil primate with dental formula 2-1-2-3, Y-5 molars, and cranial features including small orbits suggesting diurnal pattern of behavior indicating strong affinities with the catarrhines was recovered from El Fayum, Egypt

Aegyptopithecus (Propliopithecidae)

what is a hominid

a primate of the family Hominoidae that includes the great apes, humans and all of their direct ancestors

this is centered underneath the braincase, anteriorly placed and closer to the front teeth, indicating bipedality

foramen magnum

when did plesiadapiforms evolve

paleocene (65-54 mya)

the analysis of its dental plaque indicated that this 2.0 million year old hominin species consumed wood or bark

Australopithecus sediba

all hominins have these two traits

bipedalism and canine size reduction

the most famous fossil of Australopithecus afarensis is known as

Lucy

what was Victoriapithecus

first Miocene (20-15 mya) cercopithecoid with bilophodont molars

what were the adapoids

strepsirhine ancestors

what is the oldest member of the genus Australopithecus

Australopithecus anamensis

what is the only hominin with a prominent chin

Homo sapiens

what characteristics define our close biological relatives (hominins)

bipedal locomotion and canine size reduction

Paranthropus robustus location

South Africa

where did Platyrrhine ancestors likely originate

Africa

what femur characteristic demonstrates bipedal locomotion

bicondylar angle (knee angled inwards)

where were Neanderthal fossils found

Middle East, Asia, Europe (never Africa)

this hominin used bone tools to extract termites by 2.0 million years ago

Paranthropus robustus

what are the characteristics of a hominin pelvis that moves with bipedal locomotion

short top to bottom, broad side-to-side, distance from top of sacrum to acetabulum short

when did Homo sapiens evolve

315,000 years ago in Africa

Australopithecus anamensis location

East Africa

what was the first hominin considered to use endurance running for hunting purposes

Homo erectus

what tools did Homo habilis use

Oldowan stone tools

what is the only hominin species alive today

Homo sapiens

what is Homo habilis characterized by

smaller face and teeth, larger brains, and more rounded skull

primate group that evolved during the Eocene, displayed features that included short snouts, teeth with pointy cups, elongated heel bones, and larger orbits indicating a nocturnal pattern of behavior that were ancestral to the living Haplorhines

Omomyoids

three features displayed by all members of the genus Paranthropus

sagittal crest, megadontia, and marked postorbital constriction

what were Oldowan stone tools

simple core and flake technology

who were the earliest hominins that used bipedality as indicated by an anteriorly placed foramen magnum and clear canine size reduction at 6 million years ago

Orrorin tugenensis

who is the direct ancestor of Homo erectus

Homo habilis

all hominins are hominids

true

what is the end of the Miocene characterized by

decreased hominoid diversity and increased cercopithecoid diversity

what is the estimated brain size of Homo habilis

650 cc

what does the tibia of a bipedal hominin display

clear anterior-posterior elongation of the medial condyle

Paranthropus aethiopicus location

East Africa

multiple hominin genera coexisted in time and space in East Africa

true

where is the foramen magnum positioned in a bipedal hominin

anterior

when did the first hominin live

6-7 million years agow

when did the true primates (Euprimates evolve)

Eocene

average Homo sapien brain size

1350 cc

what was the first Ogliocene primate with Y-5 molars

Aegyptopithecus

what were the first hominin species with a human-like projecting nose

Homo erectus

primate groups that evolved during the Eocene, displayed features that included long snouts, tooth combs in the lower jaws, elongated heel bones, nails instead of claws, and small orbits indicating a diurnal pattern of behavior that were ancestral to the living Strepsirhines

Adapoids (Strepsirhine ancestors)

what is the only australopith species that displays a parabolic dental arcade

Australopithecus sediba

Australopithecus afarensis location

East Africa

what occurred at around 2.8-2.5 million years ago

new kinds of hominins, including Paranthropus and Homo appeared

the species Homo sapiens evolve at around

315,000 years ago in Africa