Studied by 0 peoplefirst hominin species to reach 800 cc (double brain size average of chimpanzees
Homo rudolfensis
hypothesis that posits that primate features emerged as an adapation to the shrubby forest undergrowth where proto-primates hunted insects
the visual-predation hypothesis
erupted permanent lower first molar by age 3
Australopithecus afarensis
estimated brain size for Homo rudolfensis
800 cc
fossils attributed to the species Australopithecus africanus have been recovered from
South Africa
Australopithecus africanus location
South Africa
three features displayed by every member of the genus Paranthropus
sagittal crest, molarized premolars, and massive molars
Australopithecus sediba location
South Africa
Paranthropus boisei location
East Africa
what position of the foramen magnum indicates a hominin that moves around using bipedal locomotion
anterior, close to the front teeth
Pan troglodytes average brain size
400cc
what was the first hominin species out of Africa
Homo erectus
which Ogliocene fossil primate with dental formula 2-1-2-3, Y-5 molars, and cranial features including small orbits suggesting diurnal pattern of behavior indicating strong affinities with the catarrhines was recovered from El Fayum, Egypt
Aegyptopithecus (Propliopithecidae)
what is a hominid
a primate of the family Hominoidae that includes the great apes, humans and all of their direct ancestors
this is centered underneath the braincase, anteriorly placed and closer to the front teeth, indicating bipedality
foramen magnum
when did plesiadapiforms evolve
paleocene (65-54 mya)
the analysis of its dental plaque indicated that this 2.0 million year old hominin species consumed wood or bark
Australopithecus sediba
all hominins have these two traits
bipedalism and canine size reduction
the most famous fossil of Australopithecus afarensis is known as
Lucy
what was Victoriapithecus
first Miocene (20-15 mya) cercopithecoid with bilophodont molars
what were the adapoids
strepsirhine ancestors
what is the oldest member of the genus Australopithecus
Australopithecus anamensis
what is the only hominin with a prominent chin
Homo sapiens
what characteristics define our close biological relatives (hominins)
bipedal locomotion and canine size reduction
Paranthropus robustus location
South Africa
where did Platyrrhine ancestors likely originate
Africa
what femur characteristic demonstrates bipedal locomotion
bicondylar angle (knee angled inwards)
where were Neanderthal fossils found
Middle East, Asia, Europe (never Africa)
this hominin used bone tools to extract termites by 2.0 million years ago
Paranthropus robustus
what are the characteristics of a hominin pelvis that moves with bipedal locomotion
short top to bottom, broad side-to-side, distance from top of sacrum to acetabulum short
when did Homo sapiens evolve
315,000 years ago in Africa
Australopithecus anamensis location
East Africa
what was the first hominin considered to use endurance running for hunting purposes
Homo erectus
what tools did Homo habilis use
Oldowan stone tools
what is the only hominin species alive today
Homo sapiens
what is Homo habilis characterized by
smaller face and teeth, larger brains, and more rounded skull
primate group that evolved during the Eocene, displayed features that included short snouts, teeth with pointy cups, elongated heel bones, and larger orbits indicating a nocturnal pattern of behavior that were ancestral to the living Haplorhines
Omomyoids
three features displayed by all members of the genus Paranthropus
sagittal crest, megadontia, and marked postorbital constriction
what were Oldowan stone tools
simple core and flake technology
who were the earliest hominins that used bipedality as indicated by an anteriorly placed foramen magnum and clear canine size reduction at 6 million years ago
Orrorin tugenensis
who is the direct ancestor of Homo erectus
Homo habilis
all hominins are hominids
true
what is the end of the Miocene characterized by
decreased hominoid diversity and increased cercopithecoid diversity
what is the estimated brain size of Homo habilis
650 cc
what does the tibia of a bipedal hominin display
clear anterior-posterior elongation of the medial condyle
Paranthropus aethiopicus location
East Africa
multiple hominin genera coexisted in time and space in East Africa
true
where is the foramen magnum positioned in a bipedal hominin
anterior
when did the first hominin live
6-7 million years agow
when did the true primates (Euprimates evolve)
Eocene
average Homo sapien brain size
1350 cc
what was the first Ogliocene primate with Y-5 molars
Aegyptopithecus
what were the first hominin species with a human-like projecting nose
Homo erectus
primate groups that evolved during the Eocene, displayed features that included long snouts, tooth combs in the lower jaws, elongated heel bones, nails instead of claws, and small orbits indicating a diurnal pattern of behavior that were ancestral to the living Strepsirhines
Adapoids (Strepsirhine ancestors)
what is the only australopith species that displays a parabolic dental arcade
Australopithecus sediba
Australopithecus afarensis location
East Africa
what occurred at around 2.8-2.5 million years ago
new kinds of hominins, including Paranthropus and Homo appeared
the species Homo sapiens evolve at around
315,000 years ago in Africa
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