Chapter 4: Cells and Energy pt. 1

Photosystems

________: Molecules that transfer captured energy.

Chemosynthesis

________: The process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make carbon- based molecules.

Sugars

________ are formed from carbon molecules and leftover products are recycled to be used again.

photosystem II

In ________ energy is absorbed from sunlight.

Photosynthesis

________ requires a series of chemical reactions.

Light independent reactions

________ do not need sunlight but need energy from ATP and NADPH.

food chain

The ________ usually begins with sunlight being the direct energy source for plants.

NADPH

________ is produced with the new energy from the electrons.

chain

Within the ________, the electrons energy is used to push hydrogen ions into the thylakoid.

Chloroplasts

________ need the grana and the stroma for photosynthesis.

Energy

________ is captured from sunlight and produced into oxygen, NADPH, and ATP.

light dependent reactions

During ________, energy is captured and transferred to electrons.

ATP

Energy from ________ and NADPH and carbon dioxide enter the Calvin cycle.

ADP

________: Molecule that can be converted into ATP by adding a phosphate group.

Chlorophyll

________: A molecule that absorbs energy in visible light.

Plants

________ are producers because the energy they create through photosynthesis is used when other organisms consume the ________.

stroma

The ________ is the fluid outside the thylakoids.

Organisms

________ like plants rely on sunlight to produce energy through photosynthesis.

overall process of photosynthesis

The ________ produces sugars that store chemical energy.

Producers

________ are organisms that create a source of chemical energy for themselves and other organisms.

Chemosynthetic organisms

________ make their own food like plants.

Grana

________ are stacks of thylakoids.

Thylakoids

________: Compartments in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and light- absorbing proteins.

transport chain

Electron ________: Transports electrons after they leave the chlorophyll.

carbon dioxide

When ________ is added to the cycle, carbon molecules are formed and bonded into sugars.

Certain organisms

________ do not require sunlight and find other energy sources.

Electrons

________ from broken down water molecules replace the ________ that left the chlorophyll.

Photosynthesis

________ is important for plants growth and development, for regulating the environment with oxygen, and for producing food for other organisms.

NADPH

________ can be used to transfer energy for light- independent reactions.

ATP

________: A molecule that transfers energy so that cells can use it.

Plants

________ absorb visible light for photosynthesis.

Energy

________ from ATP and NADPH can be used to make sugars.

photosystem

In ________ I, energy is absorbed from sunlight as well.

photosystem II

The energy is added to electrons which may be from ________.

Organisms

________ like animals rely on sunlight indirectly through eating plants.

Light dependent reactions

________: Reactions that capture energy from sunlight in or near the thylakoids.

Photosynthesis

________: A process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy.

ATP

________ uses energy from the breakdown of molecules.

Energy

________ from electrons is used to make ________ carriers (ATP and NADPH)

ATP

Foods must be broken down into carbon- based molecules in order to create ________ for energy.

ATP

________ is produced with the hydrogen ions building in the thylakoid with the electrons help.

ATP

A molecule that transfers energy so that cells can use it

ADP

Molecule that can be converted into ATP by adding a phosphate group

Chemosynthesis

The process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make carbon-based molecules

Photosynthesis

A process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy

Chlorophyll

A molecule that absorbs energy in visible light

Thylakoids

Compartments in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and light-absorbing proteins

Light-dependent reactions

Reactions that capture energy from sunlight in or near the thylakoids

Light-independent reactions

Reactions that use energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars

Photosystems

Molecules that transfer captured energy

Electron transport chain

Transports electrons after they leave the chlorophyll

ATP synthase

An enzyme that completes the production of ATP

Calvin Cycle

Cycle that uses carbon dioxide and energy from ATP and NADPH to make simple sugars