Studied by 5 peopleBehavior Feedback Effect
The tendency of behavior to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions
Other-Race Effect
The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races
Relational Aggression
An act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person's relationship or social standing
Affiliation Need
The need to build relationships and to feel part of a group
Yerkes-Dodson Law
The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
Self-Efficacy
Researched by Albert Bandura; beliefs concerning one's ability to perform the behaviors needed to achieve desired outcomes; your personal control
Anterograde Amnesia
An inability to form new memories
Deep Processing
Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention
Encoding Specificity Principle
The idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it
Episodic Memory
Explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of our two conscious memory systems
Retrograde Amnesia
An inability to retrieve information from one's past
Testing Effect
Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information. Also referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning
Sequential Processing
Processing one aspect of a problem at a time; generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems
Emerging Adulthood
A period from about age 18 to the mid-twenties, when many in Western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independence as adults
Epigenetics
"Above" or "in addition to" genetics; the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change
Intersex
A condition present at birth due to unusual combinations of male and female chromosomes, hormones, and anatomy; possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes
Olfaction
The sense of smell
Blindsight
A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it
Change Blindness
Failing to notice changes in the environment; a form of inattentional blindness
All-Or-None Response
A neuron's reaction of either firing (with a full-strength response) or not firing
Hippocampus
A neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit (conscious) memories of facts and events for storage
Memory Consolidation
The neural storage of a long term memory
Reuptake
A neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron
Dual Processing
The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
Mindfulness Meditation
A reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner
Higher-Order Conditioning
A procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone. (Also called second-order conditioning)
Instinctive Drift
The tendency for a conditioned response to drift back toward instinctive behavior
Reinforcement
In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
Reinforcement Schedule
A pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced
Note
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