psych test unit 7 modules 52-64

0.0(0)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Get a hint
Hint

motivation

Get a hint
Hint

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Get a hint
Hint

instinct

Get a hint
Hint

complex behavior that is ridgedly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Card Sorting

1/163

Anonymous user
Anonymous user
flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

164 Terms

1
New cards

motivation

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

2
New cards

instinct

complex behavior that is ridgedly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

3
New cards

instinct theory

behaviors, thoughts, and emptions are innate and serve as a survival mechanism

4
New cards

physiological need

basic bodily requirements; clothing, water, food, houses

5
New cards

drive-reduction theory

idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates the organism to satisfy the need

6
New cards

homeostasis

tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

7
New cards

incentive

positive or negative environmental stimuli that motivates behavior

8
New cards

overjustification effect

when an instrensic motivation is diminished by preforming an action for extrensic motivators

9
New cards

optimal arousal theory

idea that individuals are motivated to seek a specific level of physiological arousal

10
New cards

yerkes-dodson law

principle that preformance increases with arousal only up to a point beyond which preformance decreases

11
New cards

abraham maslow

humanistic psychologist

12
New cards

maslows heirarchy of needs

  1. biological and physiological needs
  2. saftey needs
  3. love and belongingness needs
  4. esteem needs
  5. self-actualization needs
13
New cards

biological and physiological needs

air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep

14
New cards

saftey needs

protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear

15
New cards

love and belongingness needs

friendship, intimacy, affection and love- from work group, family, friends, romantic relationships

16
New cards

esteem needs

achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, self-respect, respect from others

17
New cards

self-actualization needs

realizing personal potential, self-fullfilment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences

18
New cards

glucose

blood sugar

19
New cards

insulin

hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls blood glucose levels

20
New cards

hypothalamus

lateral hypothalamus makes people hungry, and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus satisfys hunger

21
New cards

orexin/hypocretins

hunger triggering hormone released by the hypothalamus

22
New cards

leptin

protein hormone secreted by fat cells, when abundent in increases metabolism and decreases hunger

23
New cards

PYY

digestive tract hormone that signals “i am not hungry”

24
New cards

ghrelin

in your stomach and sends “im hungry” signals to the brain

25
New cards

set point

weight thermostat, a point at which a persons weight may be set

26
New cards

basal metabolicrate

the bodies resting rate of energy output

27
New cards

asexual

having no sexual attraction to others

28
New cards

estrogens

levels have coorelated with sexual motivation, most important female sex hormone

29
New cards

alfred kinsey

researched sexual behavior in males and females

30
New cards

kinsey scale

scale of heterosexual to homosexual behaviors

31
New cards

william masters

OBGYN

32
New cards

virginia johnson

research assistant/ masters mistress

33
New cards

sexual response cycle

created the theory that there are 4 stages of sexual response. -excitement, platoe, orgasm, resolution

34
New cards

refactory period

resting period that occurs after orgasm, during which a person cannot acheive another orgasm

35
New cards

bassons nonlinear model of sexual response

criticism of masters and johnsons sexual response cycle

36
New cards

affilliation need

the need to build relationships and feel part of a group

37
New cards

ostracism

deliberate social exclusion of individuals and groups

38
New cards

narcissicm

excessive self love and self absorbtion

39
New cards

achievement motivation

desire for significant accomplishment for mastery of skills or ideas for control and for ataining a high standard

40
New cards

grit

passion and perserverence in pursuit of longterm goals

41
New cards

emotion

a response of the whole organism involving 1. psychological arousal, 2. expressive behaviors, 3. concious experience

42
New cards

james-lange theory

the experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion arousing stimulus

-perception of emotion-arousing stimulus

-specific physiological changes

-interpretation of physiological changes as the emotion

43
New cards

cannon-bard theory

that an emotion arousing stimulus simutaneously triggers physiological responses and teh subjective experience of emotion

-perception of emotion, arousing stimulus

-thalamus to cortex: emotional response

-thalamus to hypothalamus: physiological change

44
New cards

two factor theory

to experience emotion one must be physiologically aroused and cognitively label the arousal

-stimulus → arousal → cognitively label → emotion

45
New cards

schachter-singer

a concious cognitive label

46
New cards

zajonc/ledoux

believed that some events lead straight to an emotion

47
New cards

spillover effect

idea that emotions of another individual or another situation cant effect emotional responses

48
New cards

insula

neural center- deep in the brain, associated with broad emotions

49
New cards

polygraph

machine-used in an attempt to detect lies by measuring physiological responses accompaning emotions

50
New cards

universal emotions

theory that a list of emotions all human beings experience and express

51
New cards

paul ekman

came up with universal emotions

52
New cards

anger

-eyebrows pulled down

-upper lids pulled down

-lower lids pulled up

-margins of lips rolled in

-lips may be tightened

53
New cards

fear

-eyebrows pulled up and together

-upper eyelids pulled up

-mouth stretched

54
New cards

disgust

-eyebrows pulled down

-nose wrinkled

-upper lip pulled up

-lips loose

55
New cards

contempt

-eyes neutral

-lip corner pulled up and back on one side only

56
New cards

joy

-muscle around the eyes tightened

-”crows feet” wrinkles around eyes

-cheeks raised

-lip corners raised diagonally

57
New cards

sadness

-inner corners of eyebrows raised

-eyelids loose

-lip corners pulled down

58
New cards

surpise

-entire eyebrow pulled up

-eyelids pulled up

-mouth hangs open

59
New cards

gender and expressiveness

women are more liklet ro express emotion

60
New cards

gender empathy

women have more empathy then men

61
New cards

facial feedback effect

tendency of facial muscle states to trigger cooresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or joy

62
New cards

behavior feedback effect

tendency of behavior to influence our own and others thoughts, feelings, and actions

63
New cards

stress

process by which we percieve and respond to certain events that we appraise as threatening or challenging

64
New cards

stress appraisal

how we percieve events as either threatening or challenging based on our available resources

65
New cards

stressors

events appraised as either threatening or challenging

66
New cards

kurt lewin motivational conflicts theory

→approach approach conflict

→avoidance avoidance conflict

→approach avoidance conflict

67
New cards

approach approach conflict

stressful situations with 2 attractive by incompatible goals

68
New cards

avoidance avoidance conflict

when the stressor is 2 unattractive options spp

69
New cards

approach avoidance conflict

conflict with both attractive and unnatractive consequences

70
New cards

cortison-gulucocorticoid

stress hormone

71
New cards

general adaptation syndrome (Hans Selye)

bodys adaptive response to stress in 3 phases. alarm, resistance, exaustion

72
New cards

alarm stage

a person mobilizes their resources in response to a stressor

73
New cards

resistance stage

when an individual copes with a stressor

74
New cards

exaustion stage

when an individuals reserves for dealing with a stressor are depleted

75
New cards

DNA destruction

telomeres- protective caps on ends of DNA

76
New cards

tend- and - befriend response

under stress, people, especially women often provide support to others and bond with and seek support from others

77
New cards

psychophysiological illnesses

any sort of bodily response to psychological issues

78
New cards

psychoneuroimmunology

how psychological, neural, and indicrine systems together affects the immune system and resulting health

79
New cards

lymphocyte T

attack cancer celss, viruses and foreign substances

80
New cards

lympocyte B

release antibodies that fight bacterial infections

81
New cards

macrophage

big eater, identify, pursue, and ingest harmful invaders and worn out cells

82
New cards

NK cells

“natural killer”- attack diseased cells such as those infected by viruses or cancer

83
New cards

stress and colds

people who report higher levels of stress report more colds

84
New cards

coronary heart disease

clogging of teh vessels that nourish the heart muscle

85
New cards

friedman and rosenman- Type A

hardriving, impatient, verbally aggressive, anger prone

86
New cards

friedman and rosenman- Type B

easy going and relaxed

87
New cards

catharsis

idea that releasing aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges

88
New cards

pessimism

when someone looks at the negatives of a stressor

89
New cards

optimism

believes in positivity always

90
New cards

excessive optimism/ optimism bias

toxic form of optimism in which an indivicual overlooks legitament obsticles

91
New cards

oxytocin

social bonding hormone, tend to have greater amounts in optimists

92
New cards

aerobic exercise

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness. also helping to alleviate depression and anxiety

93
New cards

medittion

reflective practice in which peope attend to current experiences in a non judgemental and accepting manner

94
New cards

faith factor

religously active people live longer and are in better physical health then non religious people

95
New cards

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

peoples tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

96
New cards

positive psychology

martin seligman- created idea of positive psychology and the scientific study of human flourishing with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help communities and individuals thrive

97
New cards

subjective well-being

self percieved happiness or satisfaction with life a

98
New cards

daptation-level phenomenon

our tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experiences

99
New cards

relative deprivation

the perception that one is worse off in comparison with those who they are comparing themselves

100
New cards

personality

individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting