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a system is said to be undergoing SHM when:
the acceleration/force is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium
the acceleration is directed opposite to the displacement and towards the equilibrium
time period, T
time taken for 1 oscillation
frequency, f
the # of oscillations per unit time
phase, ∅
the difference in relative cycles of two waves
SHM KE
½ m⍵²(x0²-x²)
transverse waves
particles oscillate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer
longitudinal waves
particles oscillate in the same plane/axis as the direction of energy transfer
wavefront
joins points of equal phase
ray
points in the direction of energy transfer
wave intensity
k(amplitude²/distance²)
wave enters from less dense to dense
towards the normal
wave enters from dense to less dense
away from the normal
refractive index
the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium
critical angle
refracted light forms a 90° angle with the normal
TIR
happens when light enters beyond the critical angle
lol
caused by the interference of two oppositely moving waves
principle of superposition
when two waves meet the resultant displacement is the sum of the individual displacements
standing waves
waves which store energy that are achieved when two waves traveling in opposite directions along the same line at the same frequency superpose
ƛn for both fixed or both open ends
2L/n
fn for both fixed or both open ends
nV/2L
ƛn for one end open
4L/n
fn for one end open
nV/4L
resonance
when the frequency of an applied force equals the natural frequency, the system gains energy and the oscillation’s amplitude is at a maximum
damping
the reduction in energy and amplitude of oscillations due to resistive forces (frequency doesn’t change)
doppler effect
the perceived change in frequency when an emitter and an observer move relative to each other
Note 
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