Matter and Change Study Guide Flash Cards

HONORS CHEMISTRY 1

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Extensive Properties

Property that depends on the AMOUNT of matter in a substance ( Mass, weight, volume )

Intensive Properties

Property that depends on the TYPE of matter in a substance ( Luster, Hardness, Color ) 

Pure Substances 

Having the same substance and definite composition, or chemical makeup all throughout 

• Elements: Approx. 118 ( Carbon ) 

• Compounds: Formed when elements elements chemically combine ( H₂0 ) 

Mixtures

Physical blend of two or more components

• Homogenous mixture: Has a uniform composition ( Milk, sugar water )

• Heterogenous mixture: Does not have uniform composition, ( Cereal, Salad )

Filtration

Uses filter paper, like a coffee filter, Filter solid particles from liquid heterogenous mixture

Distillation

A way to seperate dissolved substances ( Liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is condensed

Physical Properties

Characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance

Physical Change

A change in a substance that does not change what the substance is ( Breaking glass, mixing candy ) 

Chemical Properties

Characteristic of a substance that can only be observed by changing it into another substance

Chemical change

A change in a substance in which a substance is changed into a new substance

Organic Chemistry

Study of all chemicals containing Carbon

Ethanol

Inorganic Chemistry

Study of all chemicals not containing Carbon

Rocket Fuel

Analytical Chemistry

Focuses on the composition and structure of matter

Drug Test  Water Test

Biochemistry

Study of processes that take place in organisms

Photosynthesis

Physical Chemistry

Study that focuses on mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs with matter

Energy released when Fuel Burns

Melting

Solid to Liquid

Freezing

Liquid to Solid

Condensation

Gas to Liquid

Evaporation

Liquid to Gas

Vaporization

Liquid to Gas with added heat

Sublimation

Solid directly to gas

Deposition

Gas directly to solid

Observation

Use five senses, and define a problem

Hypothesis

Educated guess, interpretation or explanation of what you observed

Experiment / Analysis

Procedure that attempts to measure observable predictions

Length

meter, m

Mass

kilogram, kg

Temperature

kelvin

Time

second, s

Amount of a substance

mole, m

Luminous Intensity

candela, cd

Electric Current

ampere, A

Law of Conservation of Mass

• Matter cannot be created or destroyed

• Amount of matter stays the same

• The sum of the mass of the reactants is equal to the sum of the mass of the products

Phase Diagram

A graph that shows the conditions of temperature and pressure at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or gas

Triple Point

The only set of conditions under which all three phases can exisit together

Critical Point

Where liquid and gas phases can co exist