Ancient World History and Geography Unit 2: Ancient India and China

Confucius

a philosopher also known as Kong Fuzi who lived from around 551 BCE to 479 BCE during a time of unrest in China

Confucius

he traveled the length of China observing events and seeking employment as a political counselor but had no success

Confucius

this philosopher's students and followers compiled a book of his teaching, sayings, and ideas, which was called the Analects

Confucius

he became a teacher to hundreds of students who sought his wise advice

Confucius

this philosopher developed many ideas to end conflict because he lived during a time of unrest

Confucius

this philosopher's sayings were studied all over China until the 20th century

Confucius

he believed that the universe was created in a way that if humans act in harmony with its purposes, their own affairs would prosper

Confucius

he developed the idea of the Five Constant Relationships

Ashoka/Asoka

he was the greatest Indian ruler (and possibly the greatest ruler in general) ever

Ashoka/Asoka

he ruled the Mauryan Empire from 269 BCE to 232 BCE

Ashoka/Asoka

the Mauryan Empire flourished economically under this kind ruler

Ashoka/Asoka

this ruler converted to Buddhism and used Buddhist ideals to rule, but did not force anyone to convert with him

Ashoka/Asoka

this ruler set up hospitals for both people and animals

Ashoka/Asoka

this ruler sent missionaries to introduce Buddhism to other regions of Asia

Ashoka/Asoka

under this king, India became a major crossroads in a vast commercial network: the Silk Road

Ashoka/Asoka

this king had edicts engraved in stone for the public to read

Siddhartha Gautama

this person was also known as Gautama Buddha, or the Buddha

(the) Buddha

enlightened one

Siddhartha Gautama/(the) Buddha

this person was born in 563 BCE and created Buddhism

Siddhartha Gautama/(the) Buddha

he created and believed in the Four Noble Truths

Siddhartha Gautama/(the) Buddha

he created and believed in the Middle/Eightfold Path

Rama

god-king of Ayodha

Rama

eldest son of King Dasaratha and only child of Queen Kausalya

Rama

he was supposed to be King Dasaratha's heir, but King Dasaratha had to crown Bharata king instead by Kaikeyi's wish

Rama

he was exiled to the forest for fourteen years

Rama

he saved his wife Sita after Ravana kidnapped her

Rama

he questioned Sita's chastity, made her walk through fire, and abandoned her with Sage Valmiki to save his reputation

Rama

he had two sons: Lava and Kusa

Sita

Ravana kidnapped her, but Rama and co. rescued her

Sita

she had her chastity questioned by Rama, had to walk through fire, and was abandoned with Sage Valmiki

Sita

Rama's wife who gave birth to twins: Lava and Kusa

Ravana

demon king of Lanka

Ravana

kidnapped Sita after hearing of her beauty

Ravana

Surpanakha's brother

Queen Kaikeyi

Bharata's overprotective mother who believed that misfortune would befall her if Bharata wasn't crowned king

Queen Kaikeyi

King Dasaratha's wife who called in two favors: crown Bharata king and exile Rama for fourteen years

Bharata

Rama's brother who became king and secured the throne until Rama could come back

Lakshmana/Laksmana

Rama's brother who went to the forest with him after he was banished and helped save Sita

Surpanakha

Ravana's sister

Surpanakha

a demoness who fell in love with Rama and informed Ravana of Sita's beauty

Hanuman

he went to inform Sita of Rama's arrival, identifying himself as the messenger by showing Sita Rama's ring, but he was caught, had his tail set on fire, escaped, and then set fire to Lanka

Qin Shihuangdi

name means "first Qin emperor" and was the first and last Qin emperor

Qin Shihuangdi

an emperor who had lots of ambition and unified the Chinese world during his reign

Qin Shihuangdi

this emperor's main concern was with the Xiongnu in the north

Xiongnu

nomadic people in the vicinity of the Gobi who often raided Chinese territory

Qin Shihuangdi

the emperor who started the building of the Great Wall of China

filial piety

duty of family members to subordinate needs and desires to those of the male head of the family

filial piety

in this system important to Confucianism, every family member had their place, and children had to respect and obey their parents

Mandate of Heaven

a government theory that Chinese empires and dynasties ruled under

Mandate of Heaven

this stated that the king was "chosen" to rule because of his talent and virtue, and was responsible for ruling with goodness and efficiency

Mandate of Heaven

this was used to justify overthrowing of government because if the king did not rule effectively or failed to protect the people, under this, the people could overthrow him

Mandate of Heaven

under this political theory, the king was expected to rule according to his Dao (the proper "Way")

Indus Valley Civilization/IVC

earliest known civilization/empire to have indoor plumbing

Indus Valley Civilization/IVC

this civilization/empire was the first to have centrally planned cities

Indus Valley Civilization/IVC

this civilization/empire had a centralized government

Indus Valley Civilization/IVC

in this civilization/empire, their homes had no outside windows, but had an indoor courtyard instead

Indus Valley Civilization/IVC

this civilization/empire used baked mud bricks for most of their construction

Indus Valley Civilization/IVC

in this civilization/empire, religion and government were closely linked and often utilized the same buildings

Indus Valley Civilization/IVC

trade and farming were the most important industries in this civilization/empire

Indus Valley Civilization/IVC

this civilization/empire had writing, but modern historians have been unable to decipher it

Indus Valley Civilization/IVC

this civilization/empire ended mysteriously, but there is some evidence that there may have been a flood, earthquake, or change in the course of the river

Indus Valley Civilization/IVC

this civilization/empire lasted from about 3000 BCE to 1500 BCE

Indus Valley Civilization/IVC

this civilization/empire was centered around the Indus River

Indus Valley Civilization/IVC

this civilization/empire contained the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Aryan Civilization/Aryan Empire

during this civilization/empire, the Indo-European nomadic people of said civilization/empire came into India around the time of the disappearance of the Indus Valley Civilization

Aryan Civilization/Aryan Empire

people from this civilization/empire were nomads

Aryan Civilization/Aryan Empire

the leaders of people from this civilization/empire were caled rajas

Aryan Civilization/Aryan Empire

in this civilization/empire, cattle were very important, and their word for cattle is the same as their word for money.

Aryan Civilization/Aryan Empire

although people from this civilization/empire migrated into India with no written language, eventually they settle down and then formed the basis for what is now known as Sanskrit

Aryan Civilization/Aryan Empire

this early civilization/empire created small kingdoms

Aryan Civilization/Aryan Empire

this civilization/empire created the basis of the Vedic religions

Aryan Civilization/Aryan Empire

this civilization/empire created the caste system

Mauryan Empire/Mauryan Dynasty

this empire/dynasty had strong central rulers

Mauryan Empire/Mauryan Dynasty

this empire/dynasty was able to take power because of the lack of central power (power vacuum)

Mauryan Empire/Mauryan Dynasty

this empire/dynasty had religiously tolerant leaders such as Chandragupta and Ashoka/Asoka

Mauryan Empire/Mauryan Dynasty

during the second half of this empire/dynasty, people were mostly Buddhist

Mauryan Empire/Mauryan Dynasty

this empire/dynasty used the military to conquer at the beginning

Mauryan Empire/Mauryan Dynasty

this empire/dynasty used secret police at the beginning

Mauryan Empire/Mauryan Dynasty

this empire/dynasty had a regulated tax system

Mauryan Empire/Mauryan Dynasty

during this empire/dynasty, the capital was at Pataliputra

Mauryan Empire/Mauryan Dynasty

this empire/dynasty spread Buddhism

Mauryan Empire/Mauryan Dynasty

this empire/dynasty lasted from approximately 324 BCE to 183 BCE

Mauryan Empire/Mauryan Dynasty

this empire/dynasty decayed into smaller kingdoms because of internal dissent

Zhou Dynasty/Zhou Empire

the longest-lasting Chinese dynasty/empire which lasted from 1045 BCE to 256 BCE

Zhou Dynasty/Zhou Empire

during this empire/dynasty, the king was seen as the connection between Heaven and Earth

Zhou Dynasty/Zhou Empire

during this empire/dynasty, the Mandate of Heaven was defined as a theory of government

Confucius

he believed that leaders should be chosen based on merit and society should be orderly

Shang Dynasty/Shang Empire

this empire/dynasty used oracle bones to communicate with gods, showing their history

Shang Dynasty/Shang Empire

this empire/dynasty developed ancestor worship and believed in the afterlife

Shang Dynasty/Shang Empire

this empire/dynasty developed bronze casting

Shang Dynasty/Shang Empire

during this Chinese dynasty/empire, they developed their own writing

Shang Dynasty/Shang Empire

this dynasty/empire was the 2nd dynasty

Shang Dynasty/Shang Empire

this dynasty/empire lasted from 1750 BCE to 1045 BCE

Qin Dynasty/Qin Empire

Qin Shihuangdi became the first emperor (also the last) of this empire/dynasty

Qin Dynasty/Qin Empire

this dynasty/empire had a highly centralized goverment that organized thousands of workers

Qin Dynasty/Qin Empire

an army of terracotta soldiers was created and found in a tomb from this dynasty/empire

Qin Dynasty/Qin Empire

an early "Great Wall" was created during this dynasty/empire to keep the Xiongnu nomads out

Qin Dynasty/Qin Empire

this empire/dynasty lasted from 221 BCE to 206 BCE

Han Dynasty/Han Empire

this dynasty/empire was one of the longest lasting dynasties/empires, from 202 BCE to 220 CE

Han Dynasty/Han Empire

this dynasty/empire was fairly peaceful, large, and economically successful