psyc 375 chapter 2

agenesis

failure of brain region to developproperly during embryonic development

ataxia

failure of motor coordination

what is the brain’s primary function

to produce behaviour, coordinated movements that are internally generated in response to external stimuli

sensory input

conduction of signals from sensory receptors to the CNS, usually function of PNS

integration

analysis and interpretation of the sensory signals and formulation of responses, within the CNS

motor output

send command (CNS) to effector cells (PNS) to carry out response

subjective reality

sensory organs convert info abt sensory stimuli into biology activity that constructs perceptions and experiences unique to each individual.

neuroplasticity

neural tissue has the capacity to change in response to the world by modifying its organization

what is the PNS comprised of

somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, enteric nervous system

somatic nervous system

transmits sensation, produces movement (Info in and out)

what is the somatic nervous system comprised of

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

what is the autonomic nervous system comprised of

sympathetic division and parasympatheic

sympathetic division

fight or flight, energizing

parasympathetic

rest and digest, calming

afferent

input

efferent

output

dorsal

top

ventral

bottom

anterior

front

posterior

back

medial

midline

lateral

side

components of meninges

dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater

meningtis

inflammation of meninges due to infection

encephalitis

infection of the brain

nuclei

a group of similar neurons forming a cluster, in CNS

ganglia

a group of similar neurons forming a cluster, in PNS

tracts

large collection of axons coursing together in the CNS

nerves

large collection of axons coursing together, outside CNS

grey matter

cell bodies, dendrites, capillaries

white matter

nerve fatty covering (myelin sheath) and nerve fibers

components of cerebral cortex

neocortex and allocortex

components of allocortex

hippocampus, amygdala

neocortex

6 layers, constructs our reality, perception planning, emotions, memory

allocortex

3 layers, role in emotional and motivational states, certain forms of learning and memory

basal ganglia

coordination of voluntary movements, movement force,

hippocampus

memory consolidation, spatial navigation, early and most affected structure in neuropsychiatric disorders

memory consolidation

short term memory into long term memory

movement force

keeping movement fluid

components of basal ganglia

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

components of brainstem

diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, cerebellum

brainstem

receives afferent signals from body’s senses, sends efferent signals out to spinal cord to control most of body’s movements, life-sustaining behaviour

frontal lobe responsibility

executive functions, language

temporal lobe responsibility

audition, language, learning & memory

occipital lobe responsiblity

vision

parietal lobe responsbility

somatosenstion, TTP

gyri

bumps in brain’s folded surface

sulci

cracks in brain’s folded surface

amygdala responsiblity

affect, mostly fear and anxiety

what view is this

lateral view

what view is this

dorsal view

what view is this

medial view

what view is this

ventral view

striatum

caudate nucleus and putamen

components of cerebrum

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, olfactory bulbs