social psychology

cultural influences on individual attitudes, identities, and behaviour- culture & cultural norms p. 202 - 220

culture

meaning & belief system shared by a group across generations, allows the group to survive and pursue happiness

cultural norms

practices/ beliefs specific to a particular culture and acceptable there

enculturation

how individuals learn their culture: observation, instruction, or personal experience

cultural transmission

cultural traits that are passed forward & remain stable over generations

acculturation

process of psychological & cultural change as a result of contact and interaction between cultures, which can result in damage to both cultures

gatekeeper theory

“gatekeepers” who controls access to information in a social group (politicians, teachers, news editors)

emic research

studying a culture from within, culture-specific behavior

etic research

studying cultures from outside, cross-cultural study

five personality traits (ocean)

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreableness, neuroticism

individualism

identity defined by personal characterists

collectivism

success of an individual depends on success of the group

power distance index (pdi)

expect/ accept unequal distribution of power

high pdi

hierarchical

low pdi

prefer equal distr of power

masculinity vs femininity

achievement, competitiveness vs caring, cooperation

uncertainty avoidance

tolerance for unconventional ideas

long vs short-term orientation

change/ innovation vs conservative/ tradition

indulgence vs restraint

valuing personal gratification