the scientific examination of physical evidence for legal purposes
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Odontologist
studies teeth
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pathologist
physician who studies diseases
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Toxicology Unit
examines body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons
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polygraph test
lie detector test
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scientific method usually begins with
making observations
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Hypothesis
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
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Multidisciplinary means that Forensics
involves two or more subject areas
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A biological unit may study
DNA, blood or bones
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Firearms Unit (Ballistics)
Analyze guns, bullets, shells, gunpowder residues, tool marks
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an entomologist
scientist who studies insects
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Civil law is concerned with
rights and duties between individuals
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examples of criminal law
Assault, murder, theft, criminal trespass, etc.
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infraction
Minor violation of a rule or law, punishable by a fine
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A misdemeanor could result in
heavy fines and potential jailtime
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Felony
an offense, as murder or burglary, of graver character than those called misdemeanors, especially those commonly punished in the U.S. by imprisonment for more than a year.
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Statutory Law
Law passed by the U.S. Congress or state legislatures
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Common or Case Law
the body of law made up of judicial opinions and precedents
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pleabargain
To plead guilty to a lesser crime to avoid court
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Junk Science (Pseudoscience)
theories based on distorted, flawed, or untested hypotheses not derived from or tested by the scientific method
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Frye Standard (1923)
the evidence in question must be "generally accepted" by the scientific community
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Daubert Ruling (1993)
-Peer Reviewed and trusted science admissible in court -Standard of care based on valid & reliable scientific evidence
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Miranda Rights
Rights possessed by persons who are arrested by the police. (Remain silent, Attorney, etc.)
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A forensic scientist
investigates crimes by collecting and analyzing physical evidence
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Administrative Law
The body of law created by administrative agencies (in the form of rules, regulations, orders, and decisions) in order to carry out their duties and responsibilities.
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A coroner
a public official who investigates by inquest any death not due to natural causes
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Edmond Locard
Father of the Crime Lab
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Exchange Principle
Every contact leaves a trace - Edmond Locard 1910
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FBI Crime Lab
largest crime lab in the world, established in 1932
Studied by 10 people
