Q3_1.3-1.5Properties-of-Liquids-and-Solids_-Intermolecular-Forces-in-Action

The tendency of a liquid's surface to resist external force due to cohesive forces between liquid molecules.

Surface Tension

Viscosity

The resistance of fluids to flow, measured by the strength of intermolecular forces; higher intermolecular forces mean higher viscosity.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure of the vapor resulting from evaporation of a liquid in a closed container; influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure; stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling points.

Molar Heat of Vaporization

The amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of a liquid at its boiling point; strongly influenced by intermolecular forces.

Specific Heat

The amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius; water has a high specific heat due to hydrogen bonding.

Hydrogen Bonding

A strong intermolecular force that occurs between water molecules, allowing for unique properties like high boiling point and surface tension.

Crystalline Solids

Solids defined by a long-range order in atomic/molecular arrangement, exhibiting regular, repeating 3D patterns.

Amorphous Solids

Solids that lack long-range order in their atomic/molecular arrangement, resulting in an irregular structure.

Polar Molecule

A molecule that has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other, enabling properties like hydrogen bonding.

Cohesion

The attraction between molecules of the same substance, contributing to properties like surface tension in liquids.

Density

A measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume; in water, ice has a lower density than liquid water.