Biology I Unit 4.1: Carbohydrates

Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)

What are carbohydrates composed of?

Amylose or amylopetin

What are the forms that starch can take place?

Simple sugar or 1 sugar molecule

What are monosaccharides also known as?

Fructose

sweeter than glucose and found in fruit & honey.

Sucrose, lactose, or maltose.

What is an example of disaccharides?

Rice, wheat, potatoes, and corn.

What type of food is starch found in?

Amylose has a straight structure while amylopetin's is branched.

What is the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

1:2:1 ratio

What is the usual ratio for carbohydrates? Think glucose.

Short-term energy storage, provides structural building materials, serves as molecular markers to allow recognition of cells.

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Glucose, fructose, galactose

What are examples of monosaccharides?

Glucose

main source of chemical energy for all living things and product of photosynthesis.

Galactose

found in milk.

Disaccharides

carbohydrates that are made of two covalently bonded monosaccharides.

Dehydration synthesis

loss of water to form a bond.

Glycosidic linkage

What type of bond is formed between two monomers?

Polysaccharides

What are polymers of carbohydrates?

Starch

carbohydrates made by plants to store extra sugars, provide short term energy.

Most of the world's population.

Starch is a major source of calories for who?

True

True or False: Starch is the most abundant organic compound on earth.

Cellulose

produced by plants, maintains plant structure.

Cotton fiber, paper, plants' cell walls.

Name examples of cellulose.