AP HUG

What is animism?

An ethnic religion where inanimate objects (like thunderstorms) are believed to have spirits, souls, or consciences.

What was apartheid?

A system of legalized segregation in South Africa, particularly affecting black groups.

What is a barrio?

A Latin American city characterized by extreme poverty, similar to a squatter settlement.

What is blockbusting?

A practice where real estate developers scare white homeowners to sell cheaply, causing 'white flight', then selling homes to minorities at inflated prices.

What is a branch in religion?

A large fundamental division within a religion, for example, Protestantism as a branch of Christianity.

What is a denomination in religion?

A division within a branch of a religion, such as Lutheranism within Protestantism.

What is a sect?

A division within a denomination, typically more specific than a denomination.

What is cosmology?

Beliefs regarding the origin of the universe and various stories explaining the creation of the world.

What is a diocese?

A geographic or political unit of the Catholic Church overseen by a bishop.

What is ethnic cleansing?

The attempt to remove a particular ethnic group from a geographic area, aiming for homogeneity.

What is fundamentalism in religion?

A strict adherence to the basic principles of a religion, often resistant to modern societal values.

What is extremism?

A radical form of fundamentalism that can lead to violent actions.

What is a ghetto?

An ethnic neighborhood, typically associated with lower economic status and often found in urban areas.

What is the definition of a hierarchical religion?

A religion with a structured organization and authority, such as Catholicism.

What does autonomy in religion mean?

Religions that operate independently without a hierarchical structure, like Islam.

Where did Buddhism originate?

Buddhism originated in India.

What are Semitic religions?

Religions originating from Southwest Asia, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

What is the definition of a monotheistic religion?

A religion that believes in one god, such as Judaism.

What does pilgrimage mean?

A religious journey to a holy site, like the Hajj to Mecca for Muslims.

What is polytheism?

The belief in multiple gods, as seen in Hinduism.

What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

Race is a genetic categorization often based on physical characteristics, while ethnicity is cultural and learned.

What is a sacred space?

An area of importance for worship, such as churches or temples.

What is secularism?

The principle of separating religion from civic affairs and government.

What is shamanism?

A practice where a shaman acts as a healer, connected to the spiritual world.

What is a universalizing religion?

A religion that seeks to convert others and spread its beliefs globally.

What is the role of geography in religion?

Geography influences religious diffusion, practices, and the locations of sacred sites.

What is the significance of the cultural landscape?

The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the environment.

What are the different types of regions in geography?

Regions can be formal, functional, or vernacular, each defined by different characteristics.

What is globalization?

The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or operate on an international scale.

What is demography?

The study of population characteristics, including birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns.

What is natural increase rate?

The difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths in a given population.

What are push factors?

Conditions that drive people to leave their home countries, such as war or economic hardship.

What are pull factors?

Conditions that attract people to migrate to a new location, such as job opportunities or a better standard of living.

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary migration?

Voluntary migration occurs by choice, while involuntary migration happens due to forced circumstances.

What is a guest worker?

A person who migrates temporarily to another country for work.

What are refugees?

Individuals who flee their home country due to fear of persecution or violence.

What is gerrymandering?

The manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor one party over another.

What is an elongated state?

A state that is long and narrow in shape, such as Vietnam.

What is a compact state?

A state with a relatively small and circular territory, such as Poland.

What defines a city-state?

A sovereign state that consists of a city and its surrounding territory.

What does national sovereignty mean?

The authority of a state to govern itself without outside interference.

What is ethnic nationalism?

A form of nationalism where the nation is defined in terms of ethnicity.

What does self-determination mean?

The right of a people to determine their own political status and pursue their own economic, social, and cultural development.