Neural Control and Coordination

nerve impulse

nerve impulse

A(n) ________ is transmitted from one neuron to another through junctions called synapses.

Chemicals

________ called neurotransmitters are involved in the transmission of impulses at these synapses.

Cerebellum

________ has very convoluted surface in order to provide the additional space for many more neurons.

stimulus

When a(n) ________ is applied at a site on the polarised membrane, the membrane at site A becomes freely permeable to Na+.

cerebral cortex

The ________ contains motor areas, sensory areas and large regions that are neither clearly sensory nor motor in function.

deep cleft

A(n) ________ divides the cerebrum longitudinally into two halves, which are termed as the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

forebrain

The ________ consists of cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus.

major coordinating

The cerebrum wraps around a structure called thalamus, which is a(n) ________ centre for sensory and motor signaling.

CNS

The ________ includes the brain and the spinal cord and is the site of information processing and control.

membranes of pre

At electrical synapses, the ________- and post- synaptic neurons are in very close proximity.

pons

The hindbrain comprises ________, cerebellum and medulla (also called the medulla oblongata)

Vertebrates

________ have a more developed neural system.

Unipolar

________ (cell body with one axon only; found usually in the embryonic stage)

Hydra

For example, ________ is composed of a network of neurons.

Neurons

________ are excitable cells because their membranes are in a polarised state.

Short fibers

________ which branch repeatedly and project out of the cell body also contain Nissls granules and are called dendrites.

hemispheres

The ________ are connected by a tract of nerve fibres called corpus callosum.

reflex pathway

The ________ comprises at least one afferent neuron (receptor) and one efferent (effector or excitor) neuron appropriately arranged in a series.

long fiber

The axon is a(n) ________, the distal end of which is branched.

human brain

The ________ is well protected by the skull.

axon terminals

The ________ contain vesicles filled with these neurotransmitters.

electrical potential

The ________ difference across the resting plasma membrane is called the resting potential.

Cerebrum

________ forms the major part of the human brain.

Somatic neural system

The ________ relays impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles.

nerve fiber

Nonmyelinated ________ is enclosed by a Schwann cell that does not form a myelin sheath around the axon and is commonly found in autonomous and somatic neural systems.

efferent fibers

The ________ transmit regulatory impulses from the CNS to the concerned peripheral tissues /organs.

afferent neuron

The ________ receives signal from a sensory organ and transmits the impulse via a dorsal nerve root into the CNS (at the level of spinal cord)

limbic lobe

The inner parts of cerebral hemispheres and a group of associated deep structures like amygdala, hippocampus, etc., form a complex structure called the ________ or limbic system.

hypothalamus

The ________ contains a number of centres which control body temperature, urge for eating and drinking.

axon terminal

When an impulse (action potential) arrives at the ________, it stimulates the movement of the synaptic vesicles towards the membrane where they fuse with the plasma membrane and release their neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft.

human neural system

The ________ is divided into two parts.

afferent nerve fibers

The ________ transmit impulses from tissues /organs to the CNS.

neural system

The ________ is better organized in insects, where a brain and a number of ganglia and neural tissues are present.

site of excitation

Within a fraction of a second, K+ diffuses outside the membrane and restores the resting potential of the membrane at the ________ and the fiber becomes once more responsive to further stimulation.

nerve impulses

The axons transmit ________ away from the cell body to a synapse or to a neuro- muscular junction.

Pons

________ consists of fibre tracts that interconnect different regions of the brain.

electrical potential

The ________ difference across the plasma membrane at site A is called the action potential, which is in fact termed a nerve impulse.

cerebral cortex

The ________ is referred to as the grey matter due to its greyish appearance.

At electrical synapses, the membranes of pre

and post-synaptic neurons are in very close proximity

At a chemical synapse, the membranes of the pre

and post-synaptic neurons are separated by a fluid-filled space called synaptic cleft