fuels

Cloudpoint

________: The temperature below which diesel or biodiesel appear cloudy owing to the formation of small crystals.

Renewable ester

________, produced from reaction between triglyceride and alcohol.

Transesterification

________: A process in which the triglyceride reacts with an alcohol to form esters.

Production process

________ does use energy, and thus release greenhouse gases, but biodiesel is more carbon neutral as the carbon dioxide released in combustion originates through photosynthesis.

energy resource

They are not a(n) ________ that can be replaced by natural processes in a relatively short period of time (they are consumed at a rate that is far greater than the rate they are produced)

Viscosity

________: A measurement of a liquids resistance to flow.

SI

The ________ unit for energy is known as a joule (J)

CO2

________ (contributes to greenhouse effect and global warming), SO2 (can cause acid rain)

Yeast

________ contains the biological catalysts (enzymes) needed to catalyse this fermentation.

Biofuels

________ are derived from plant matter.

carbon dioxide

The ________ released per unit of energy is less than that of peat and brown coal.

Alkanes

________: A hydrocarbon with general formula (CnH2n+2)

large proportion of methane

A gaseous mixture containing a(n) ________ gas and carbon dioxide.

Fossil fuel

________, produced from crude oil.

Methane

________ is available in two forms: as a biofuel and as a fossil fuel.

Triglyceride

________: An ester molecule comprised of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids.

Coal

________ is burnt in the furnace: chemical energy to thermal energy.

Energy

________ used to extract and produce the fuelGreenhouse gases emitted to produce and combust.

Non Renewable

________: When a substance is used up at a rate faster than it can be replaced.

Natural gas

________ consists of predominantly methane (CH4), with traces of other hydrocarbon gases.

Significant quantities of ash

________ and other pollutants are released in the combustion of coal, making natural gas and oil cleaner fuels by comparison.

water content

The ________ per gram is reduced, meaning that energy is not consumed to vaporise this water and more energy is available for the desired usage.

Crude oil

________ is a mixture of hydrocarbons, predominantly alkanes.

Absorbs water

________ in storage due to polar ester ends of molecules.Reduces efficiency of combustion as this water must be evaporated.

Plant oils

________ are a key ingredient in the production of biodiesel, the carbohydrate heavy plants are commonly used to produce bioethanol, and the plant waste is used to produce biogas.

chemical reaction

During a(n) ________, atoms are neither created nor destroyed.

Biofuels

________ get the bio suffix as opposed to their fossil fuel equivalents because they are produced directly from biological sources.

Methane

________ is considered to be a non- renewable fossil fuel when it is obtained from gas reservoirs trapped between rocks, in coal seam gas and shale gas.

Biofuels

________ represent an alternative to fossil fuels in many common daily usages, such as household usages and transport usages.

Methane is available in two forms

as a biofuel and as a fossil fuel

Energy Efficiency

Useful Energy/Total Energy x 100 (units percentage)

Equation

C6H12O6 (aq) -> 2CH3CH2OH (aq) + 2CO2 (g)

Kinetic Energy

Energy associated with movement

Potential Energy

Energy stored in chemical bonds

Fuel

A substance with stored energy that can be easily released to be converted to another form of energy

Non-Renewable

When a substance is used up at a rate faster than it can be replaced

Renewable

When a substance is continually replenished at a rate faster than its consumption

Shale Gas

Methane trapped in shale rock

Coal Seam Gas

Methane bonded to the surface of the coal

Alkanes

A hydrocarbon with general formula (CnH2n+2)

Transesterification

A process in which the triglyceride reacts with an alcohol to form esters

Triglyceride

An ester molecule comprised of a glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids

Viscosity

A measurement of a liquids resistance to flow

Cloudpoint

The temperature below which diesel or biodiesel appear cloudy owing to the formation of small crystals