written or dictated by admitting physician; details patient’s history, results of physician’s examination, initial diagnoses, and physician’s plan of treatment
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physician’s orders
complete list of care, medications, tests, and treatments physician orders for patient
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Nurse’s notes
record of patients care throughout the day; includes vital signs, treatment specifics, patient’s response to treatment and patient’s condition
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consultation reports
reports given by specialists whom physician and asked to evaluate patient
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Ancillary reports
reports from various treatments and therapies patient has received, such as rehabilitation, social services, and respiratory therapy
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Diagnostic reports
results of diagnostic tests performed on patients, principally from clinical lab and medical imaging
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Informed consent
document voluntarily signed by patient or a responsible party that clearly describes purpose, methods, procedures, benefits, and risk of diagnostic or treatment procudure
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operative report
report from surgeon detailing an operation; includes pre- and postoperative diagnosis, specific details of surgical procedure itself, and how patient tolerated procedure
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anesthesiologist’s report
relates details regarding substances given to patient, patient’s response to anesthesia and vital signs during surgery
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pathologist’s report
report given by pathologist who studies tissue removed from patient
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discharge summary
comprehensive outline of patient’s entire hospital stay; includes condition at time of admission, admitting diagnosis, test results, treatments and patient’s response, final diagnosis, and follow-up plans
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Chemical name
Describes the molecular structure of a drug
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Generic name
the official name of a drug (Ibuprofen)
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Brand name
proprietary name or trademark name of a drug (Advil)
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muscular, epithelial, connective, nervous
tissue types
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skeletal muscle
muscular tissue subtype that connects muscle to bone; voluntary movement
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smooth muscle
muscular tissue subtype that surrounds internal organs; involuntary movement
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cardiac muscle
muscular tissue subtype that pumps the hear; involuntary movement
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connective tissue
cartilage and tendons are an example of what tissue type
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neurons
nervous tissue is composed of
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epithelial tissue
lines internal organs and serves as a covering for the skin
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sagittal plane
divides body into right and left portions
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frontal plane
divides body into front and back halves
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transverse plane
divides body into top and bottom
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skin
largest organ of the body
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protecting, hosing nerve receptors, secreting fluids, regulate body temp
purpose of skin
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sweat and sebaceous
two types of skin glands
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epidermis
skin layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium cells, no blood supply, no connective tissue
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melanocytes
special cells that produce the black pigment melanin
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dermis
another name for the corium, middle layer of skin, means “true skin”, has excellent blood supply, composed of connective tissue and collagen fibers
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subcutaneous layer
a continuous layer of fat that separates the dermis from deeper tissue, composed of lipocytes, acts as insulation
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epidermal
pertaining to above skin
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hypodermic
pertaining to below skin
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intradermal
pertaining to within skin
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dermal
pertaining to skin
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hyperhidrosis
abnormal condition of excessive sweat
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anhidrosis
abnormal condition of no sweat
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erythroderma
condition of having reddened or flushed skin
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melanoderma
increased skin pigmentation
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leukoderma
having skin that appears white because normal skin pigment is absent
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erythroderma
red skin
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axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton
two division of the human skeleton
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head, neck, spin, chest, and trunk
axial skeleton includes the bones of what parts of the body
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pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, and lower extremities
appendicular skeleton contains bones from what parts of the body
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closed fracture
fracture in which there is no open skin wound; also called simple fracture
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colles’ fracture
common type of wrist fracture
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comminuted fracture
fracture in which bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed into many smaller pieces or fragments
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compound fracture
fracture in which bone has broken through skin; also called open fracture
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compression fracture
fracture involving loss of height of a vertebral body; may be result of trauma, but in older people, especially women, may be caused by condition like osteoporosis
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fracture, FX, Fx
broken bone
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greenstick fracture
fracture in which there is an incomplete break
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impacted fracture
fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into each other
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oblique fracture
fracture at an angle to bone
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pathologic fracture
fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone
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spiral fracture
fracture in which fracture line spirals around shaft of bone; can be caused by twisting injuring and is often slower to heal than other types of fractures
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stress fracture
slight fracture caused by repetitive, low-impact forces, like running
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transverse fracture
complete fracture that is straight across bone at right angles to long axis of bone
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abduction
movement away from midline of body
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adduction
movement toward midline of the body
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flexion
act of bending or being bent
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extension
movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition
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dorsiflexion
backward bending, as of hand or foot
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plantar flexion
bending sole of foot; pointing toes downward
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eversion
turning outward
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inversion
turning inward
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pronation
to turn downward or backward
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supination
turning the palm or food upward
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elevation
to raise body part
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depression
downward movement, opposite of elevation
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circumduction
movement in a circular direction from central point
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opposition
moving thumb away from palm
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rotation
moving around a central axis
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endocardium
inner layer of the heart lining the heart chambers
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myocardium
thick muscular middle layer of the heart
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epicardium
outer layer of the heart
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pericardium
the heart is enclosed within a double-layered pleural sac called?
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SA node
pacemaker, where the electrical impulses begin. Wave of electricity travels through the atria, causing them to contract
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arteries
large, thick-walled vessels that carry the blood away from the heart
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aorta
largest artery; carries oxygenate blood to all the body systems
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arterioles
smallest of the arteries; deliver blood to the capillaries
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capillaries
network of tiny blood vessels; allows diffusion of the oxygen and nutrients from the blood into the body tissues
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veins
carry blood back to the heart
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veins
do arteries of veins have thinner walls?
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superior and inferior vena cava
the two largest veins
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venules
smallest of veins
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angiitis
inflammation of vessel
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embolus
obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from thrombus
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infarct
area of tissue within an organ that is going through necrosis
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cardiomegaly
enlarged heart
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fibrillation
extremely serious arrythmia characterized by abnormal quivering
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aneurysm
weakness in wall of artery resulting in localized widening artery
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hypertension
high blood pressure
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phlebitis
inflammation of vein
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auscultation
listening to sounds by stethoscope
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angiogram
X-ray record of vessel taken during angiography
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electrocardiogram
record of procedure using ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures
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CABG
open heart surgery in which blood vessel from another location in body is grafted to route blood around blocked coronary artery
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CAD
insufficient blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of one or more coronary arteries
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CCU
coronary care unit
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CHF
condition of heart in which there is reduced outflow of blood from left side of heart because left ventricle myocardium has become too weak to efficiently pump blood