Gastrointestinal Infections 2 Lecture Notes

A collection of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to gastrointestinal infections, including trichinosis and viral gastroenteritis.

Trichinella spiralis

A parasite causing trichinosis, known for its presence in undercooked meat and leading to muscle inflammation.

Trichinosis

A disease caused by Trichinella spiralis characterized by gastrointestinal and muscular symptoms.

Pathogenesis

The process through which parasites enter the human body, grow, and produce clinical symptoms.

Encysted larva

Infected larvae that form a protective shell in striated muscle, capable of surviving for many years.

Epidemiology

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states, particularly concerning diseases like trichinosis.

Incubation period

The time from exposure to the onset of symptoms; for trichinosis, it ranges from 1 to 30 days.

Intestinal phase

The initial phase of trichinosis where adult parasites affect the mucous membrane of the small intestine, causing symptoms like nausea and bloating.

Invasive phase

A later stage of trichinosis caused by migrating larvae leading to muscle pain, fever, and allergic reactions.

Rotavirus

An RNA virus that is a leading cause of severe diarrhea in children, transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route.

Caliciviruses

Viruses responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks, often found in contaminated food and water.

Astroviruses

Viruses that primarily infect children and the elderly, leading to mild gastroenteritis symptoms.

Enteric adenoviruses

A group of viruses that can cause gastroenteritis, particularly in young children, spread through direct contact.

Clinical presentation

The observable symptoms and signs of a disease, crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis

The process of identifying a disease based on clinical picture, laboratory tests, and epidemiological data.

Therapy

Treatment strategies for diseases, including the use of antihistamines, anthelmintics, and glucocorticoids for trichinosis.

Symptoms of Viral Gastroenteritis

Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, often lasting 1-3 days.