Botany Vocab (Biology 2)

Vascular tissue

tissue that conducts water and allows for the movement of fluids against gravity

Xylem

the type of tissue in vascular plants that provides support and conducts both water and nutrients from the roots

Phloem

tissue that carries organic and inorganic nutrients in any direction depending on the plant's needs

Seed

embryo of a plant

Pollen grain

the structure that contains the male gametophyte of seed plants

Pollination

the transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures (the anthem) to the tip of the female reproductive structure (the pistil) of a flower in angiosperms or to ovule in gymnosperms.

Seed coat

the protective, outer covering of a seed

Pollen tube

a tubular structure that grows from a pollen grain, enters the embryo sac, and allows the male reproductive cells to move to the ovule

Ovule

a structure that's in the ovary of a seed plant that contains an embryo sac and that develops into a seed after fertilization

Ovary

the lower parts of a pistil that produces eggs in ovules/ base of carpel, contains eggs

Fruit

ripened ovary containing angiosperm, a mature plant ovary; the organ in which the seeds are enclosed

Cotyledon

embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants

Apical meristem

the growing region at the tips of stems and roots in plants

Root hair

an extension of the epidermis of a root that increases the root's surface area for absorption

Root cap

the protective layer of cells that covers the tip of a root

Mesophyll

in leaves, the tissue between epidermal layers where photosynthesis occurs

Stoma

one of many openings in a leaf or stem of a plant that enables gas exchange to occur

Transpiration

the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata

Guard Cell

one of a pair of specialized cells that border a stoma and regulate gas exchange

adhesion

the attractive force of one substance to another. Water is sticky and clumps together into drops because of its cohesive properties.

Capillary action

the process of liquid flowing in a narrow space in opposition to gravity through adhesion and cohesion

Dormancy

a state in which seeds, spores, bulbs, and other reproductive organs stop growth and development and reduce their development

Germination

growth that begins from an embryo into a mature plant

Hormone

a chemical substance that controls plant growth and development

Receptor

a specialized sensory nerve that reacts to certain stimuli and work as detectors

Auxin

a plant hormone that is produced in the apical meristem and transported downward to stimulate elongation

Cytokinin

a class of hormones that stimulate cell division, growth of lateral buds, and cause dormant seeds to sprout

Gibberellin

a plant hormone that produces a dramatic increase in size of stems and flowers, and the overall plant size

Abscisic acid

a hormone that helps regulate the growth of buds and the germination of seeds

Cortex

the primary tissue located in the epidermis