Unit 3 - Chemical Energy/ATP and Photosynthesis

What do organisms require to function?

Energy

How do organisms generate energy?

By ingesting or creating nutrients

Nutrients

complex organic compounds that are broken down in the process of metabolism

Glucose

a natural sugar and the simplest organic compound that is produced by organisms

What do cells do with glucose?

They break the glucose down within the mitochondria to generate majority of their energy.

What do cells do after glucose becomes availible for the cell?

they participate in cellular respiration to convert glucose into ATP

ATP

adenosine triphosphate, an energy-rich organic molecule that cells extract energy from

What is ATP made up of

ATP is made up of adenine, a nucleic acid, and ribose, a carbohydrate, that is attracted to three phosphate groups.

What does the bond between ribose and adenine create?

Adenosine, the building block of RNA

What happens to ATP when energy is needed?

One of the phosphate bonds in broken, giving off energy and turning the molecule into ADP.

ADP

adenosine diphosphate

How does plant anatomy maximize photosynthesis?

the plant draws up water from the ground through roots, leaves designed to take in as much carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen, and sunlight gives chloroplasts energy to create glucose.

What do all organisms that breathe oxygen create?

Carbon dioxide

what are the two products of photosynthesis?

glucose and carbon dioxide

What does the plant do with the glucose it creates?

It breaks it down into ATP during cellular respiration for energy.

What happens to the glucose that is not needed?

it is stored in the form of starch, and provides the organism with a backup if it is not able to create its own glucose through photosynthesis

Starch

a complex carbohydrate made by chaining glucose molecules together

Photosynthesis

A process in which organisms use light, water, and carbon dioxide to generate their own glucose and oxygen.