Forces Quiz
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23 Terms
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Newton’s First Law of Motion
An object remains at rest or moves at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net force.
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Newton’s Second Law of Motion
The net force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration (Fnet = ma).
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Newton’s Third Law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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Weight (Force of Gravity)
The force exerted by gravity on an object, calculated as Fg = mg, where m is mass and g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²).
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Coefficient of Friction (μ)
A dimensionless scalar value that represents the frictional force between two objects.
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Normal Force (N) on a flat surface
The support force that counters the weight of an object resting on a flat surface, calculated as N = mg.
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Normal Force (N) on an incline
On an incline, the normal force is calculated as N = mg cos(θ).
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Forces on an Incline - Parallel Force (F∥)
The component of gravitational force acting parallel to the incline, calculated as F∥ = mg sin(θ).
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Forces on an Incline - Perpendicular Force (F⊥)
The component of gravitational force acting perpendicular to the incline, calculated as F⊥ = mg cos(θ).
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Tension (T) when at rest or constant speed
The force in a rope or cable when an object is at rest or moving vertically at constant speed, calculated as T = mg.
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Tension (T) when accelerating upward
The tension force must overcome both the weight and the acceleration, calculated as T = mg + ma.
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Tension (T) when accelerating downward
The tension force is less than the weight when accelerating downward, calculated as T = mg - ma.
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Components of a Force at an Angle - Horizontal (Fx)
The horizontal component of force calculated as Fx = F cos(θ).
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Components of a Force at an Angle - Vertical (Fy)
The vertical component of force calculated as Fy = F sin(θ).
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Kinematic Equation for Final Velocity (v)
The equation relating initial velocity, acceleration, and time: v = v0 + at.
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Kinematic Equation for Displacement (d)
The equation relating initial velocity, time, and acceleration: d = v0t + 1/2 at².
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Kinematic Equation relating Final Velocity and Displacement (v²)
The equation relating final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration, and displacement: v² = v0² + 2ad.
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Constant velocity implies what about net force?
Net force equals 0 (forces are balanced).
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What happens when there is acceleration?
Net force does not equal 0 (use Fnet = ma).
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Effect of pulling upward at an angle on normal force
Normal force decreases.
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Effect of pushing downward on normal force
Normal force increases.
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Friction's role in motion
Friction always opposes motion.
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Gravity's effect on an incline
Gravity pulls the object down the ramp, not straight down.
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