Phlebotomy
process of collecting blood or practice of bloodletting
Early Egyptians
history of bloodletting dates back to the ________ and continues into modern times
12th Century
In ______, bloodletting was a practiced by barbers, whose red-white barber poles become the symbol of their trade.
Venesection
Piercing of the veins and made them bleed
Bad Blood
Lancing the veins was thought to eliminate the _______ and remove the disease
Cupping
a heated glass cup was placed on a person's back
Scarring
Both venesection and cupping produced much _______.
George Washington
First president of the United States who had a severe throat infection and cured by heavy bleeding in December 1799
December 14, 1799
George Washington dies due to loss of 9 pints of blood in less than 24 hours
Middle of the 19th century
Until _______, bloodletting was no longer the cure for all illnesses.
Leeches
a modern method use to remove excess blood and relieve symptoms specifically in accidental amputations to return the normal blood flow immediately
Polycythemia vera & Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Bleeding of individuals is still practice today to treat diseases such as:
Diagnostic
Blood collection has changed from being therapeutic to being _______.
Compatible
substances that can be mixed without reacting with one another
Demeanor
outward behavior or bearing of an individual
Esoteric
Type of laboratory tests that are not routinely done. These tests are often sent to another laboratory specializes in a specific test.
Ethics
Professional code of conduct in treatment of patients
Failure
A case when the system does not meet user or customer expectations
Pathology
study of the nature and cause of disease
Quantitative Analysis
the analysis of substance to determine the amount or proportions of the substance.
Results will be released as an amount, such as grams per liter
Qualitative Analysis
The chemical analysid designed to identify the components of a substance.
The result from this analysis are released as a positive or negative result.
Root Cause
Analysis of an event to determine the actual reason for the incident to prevent a recurrence
Threshold
acceptable level of performance
Phlebotomists' Primary Role
Collects blood as efficiently as possible for accurate and reliable test results
Venipuncture
Collection of blood from a vein by penetrating the vein with a needle
Eighty-five
_______ percent of Hospitals follows centralized phlebotomy approach
Centralized Phlebotomy
Phlebotomist is dispatched from the laboratory to either nursing units or outpatient areas
Fifteen
________ percent of the hospitals uses the decentralized phlebotomy approach
Decentralized Phlebotomy
More people are collecting blood samples during the busy times, where eveyone has contact with patients need to be multiskilled
Patient-Focused Care
The duties of the hospital staff revolve around the patient and the need to treat the patient quickly rather than being restricted to a specific job description
Patient care technician
In some hospitals, a versatile phlebotomist which had a multiskilled training is known as _________
Hybrid Phlebotomy
blend of centralized and decentralized phlebotomy to reduce errors of the latter
Electrocardiography Department
Monitors patients with cardiovascular diseases and does EKGs
Electroencephalography Department
Diagnosis of neurophysiological diseases and does EEGs which is the electrical activity of the brain
Pharmacy Department
Dispenses drugs and advises on drug usage that are often much more potent than drugs from a corner drugstore
Physical Theraphy Department
works with patients who due to disease or injury are no longer able to function to their full physical capacity
Occupational Theraphy Department
Provides theraphy to patients to maintain their living skills
Radiology Department
provides radiologic patient studies, including plain X-ray films, CT scans, and MRI, and intraoperative techniques such as fluoroscopy, which provides real-time radiographic monitoring for orthopedic and other cases
Nursing Department
phlebotomists largest department works along
it provides direct patient care to patients
Administration Department
Keeps hospital in compliance between different departments
Environmental Services Department
Maintains the healthcare facility clean and sanitized
Food Service Department
works and provides dietary food plan to patients
Geriatric Department
works with elderly patients
Neonatal
works with newborn care patients
Oncology Department
works with cancer patients
Obsterics Department
works with patients in labor of childbirth
Nephrology
works with patients on dialysis
Intensive Care Unit
works with patients with increased care due to critical needs
Recovery
works recovery treatment of the patients
Main Laboratory
where most of the tests are done in a hospital
largest laboratory in the hospital
Ambulatory Care Laboratory
also called outpatient laboratory
provides rapid turnaround of results frequently ordered tests for outpatients
STAT Laboratory
tests should be done immediately in this laboratory
handles emergency requests
Surgery Laboratory
laboratory designated for surgical patients
Point of Care Testing
Tests performed at the patient's bedside or work of area, using a portable instrument.
Coagulation/Homeostatis
study of blood clotting mechanisms
Hematology
studies the blood in normal and diseased states, limited to the study of the blood's cellular components
Urinalysis
study or urine to aid in patient diagnosis
Chemistry Section
performa biochemical analysis of blood and body fluids
Microbiology
cultures sample to determine if pathogenic organsims are present in a sample
Immunology
studies the antigens and antibodies to detemine immunity to disease or presence of disease
Immunohematology
Determines compatibility of blood and blood products that are to be administered to patients
Cytogenetics
study of deficiencies related to genetic diseases
Molecular Diagnostics
using polymerase chain reaction technologies to study presence of various diseases or infections
Preexamination
all step that it takes to collect the sample and get it to the point in which testing of the sample can occur
Examination
set of operations to determine the value or characteristics of a property
all processes that are done to perform the test on the sample
Postexamination
process whereby the results of the testing are communicated to the physician
Managed Care
complex system to coordinate the provision of health services and health benefits
Health Maintance Organization (HMO)
Formed to provide health coverage for both hospital and physician servives. Members are required to use only contracted physicians and hospitals for their care.
Affordable Health Care Act
would allow people to stay insured under their parents until 26 years old
US added this option to help those that could not afford insurance
Preffered Provider Organization (PPO)
Contracts certain health facilities but offers more freedom for patients to choose to whom they go
higher cost to the patient or the employer
Scrub Suit
Phlebotomist will be most comfortable and acceptable wearing a __________
Regional Laboratories
usually an offsite location, central to all hospitals involved
this laboratory is where most of the PSC and outpatient testing are performed
esoteric tests can be also performed in this laboratory
Medical Laboratory Scientist
bachelor's degree and MLS certification needed to works as ________
Pathologist
physician who reads and interpret results of laboratory tests or examines tissues under microscope
one with most education needed
Medical Laboratory Technician
works under the supervision of MLS that also perform general tests
Phlebotomy Technician
collects blood samples to be usedin laboratories
needed training in addition to a highschool diploma
Cytotechnologist
examines cells under the microscope to detect signs of diseases
must hold baccalaureate degrees and have special training
Histotechnologist
prepares tissue sample for microscopic examination by the pathologist
must hold baccalaureate degreee and have special training in tissue preparation
Limited Phlebotomy Technician
phlebotomist that is only able to perform skin punctures
must perform 25 skin punctures before meeting qualifications
Phlebotomy Technician I
phlebotomist that performs skin punctures and venipunctures
must perform 50 venipunctures and 10 skin punctures to meet qualification and pass national certifying exam
Phlebotomy Technician II
phlebotomist that performs skin punctures, venipunctures and arterial punctures
must perform 20 arterial punctures and meet requirements of the Certified PhlebTech I.
Responsibility
refers to the tasks or duties assigned to the position within the organization
Accountability
obligation to someone higher on the hierarchy
Organizational Chart
multilevel vertical hierarchy that signifies relationdhop of one position to another
Patient Care Partnership 2003
drafted to support of ethical treatment of patients and an understanding of a patient's rights and responsibilities
ensures greater satisfaction of the patient, physician and health care facility
Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990
This act requires all hospitals participating in Medicare programs to ask all adult inpatients if they have advance directives
Formal Advance Directives
documents written before incapacitating illness that give instructions about persons' health care, if in the future, they cannot speak for themselves
The Joint Comission
Sets standard of care to ensure quality and reliability of health care Surveys are accepted by Medicare (reimbursement) Laboratory tests must meet _______ accuracy standards
College of American Pathologists (CAP)
Proficiency samples are sent to laboratories for accuracy checks inspects lab procedures and laboratory results
National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS)
agency that accredits educational programs for clinical laboratory personnel and related health care professionals
Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
Establishes guidelines and procedures for the laboratories Consists of representatives of the laboratory and laboratory industry maintains the uniformity of laboratory procedures in a national basis
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1988
Enforced by a committee of inspectors Main goal is to protect patients from receiving inaccurate results
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
The federal regulatory compliance agency that develops, publishes, and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace. They can issue fines if there are violations.
Sentinal Events
Unexpected occurrences involving risk of or actual death or serious physical or psychological injury
Total Quality Management plan
A management plan that ensures that the quality expected can be met
Six Sigma
works to identify and improve processes usig data and customer requirements to reduce errors
Lean Philosophy
helps to develops workflow pograms to streamline laboratory operations
Quality Control
Methods to monitor processes and confirm processes are within the preestablished limits.
Quality Assurance
Program that strives to have the health care facility guarantee that all are providing the highest quality and most appropriate level of care
Quality Improvement
Review and monitoring of outcomes to strive toward continuous improvement in performance