Anatomy Terminology Study Guide

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transverse plane- horizontal; divides the body into superior and inferior positions

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sagittal plane- divides body into left and right positions

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coronal plane- front/back; divides body into anterior and posterior positions

anterior/ventral

towards the front

posterior/dorsal

towards the back

superior

more towards the sky

inferior

more towards the ground

proximal

close to the root/core

distal

further away from root/core

medial

more towards the midline

lateral

further away from the midline

superficial

closer to surface (can see)

deep

further away from the surface (can’t see)

flexion

elbow, knee, wrist, fingers, hips, shoulders; bending or “flexing” a muscle

extension

a movement increasing the angle between 2 body parts; elbow, knee, wrist, fingers, hips, shoulders;

abduction

hip/shoulder (take further away from joint)

adduction

hip/shoulder (to bring closer to the joint)

internal rotation

hip/shoulder (rotating towards the midline)

external rotation

hip/shoulder (rotating away the midline)

inversion

ankle (tilting the foot towards the midline)

eversion

ankle (tilting the foot away the midline)

pronation

wrist (rotation of the palm; down/back)

supination

wrist (rotation of the palm; up/forward); waitress holding soup

dorsiflexion

ankle (raising the foot up)

plantarflexion

ankle (lowering the foot down); point toes down

skeletal system is made up of ___ bones

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long bones

a bone whose shaft is longer than it is wide

short bones

a bone that is rough square/cube dimensions, almost symmetrical

flat bones

thin, flattened & slightly curved bones (bone to the skull, sternum, ribs)

irregular bones

any bone varying in shape & structure that doesn’t fit in another category

sesamoid bones

a small bone found near a muscle or tendon (patella)

hinge joint

flexion & extension (elbow, knee)

pivot joint

rotation, pronation, & supination (neck)

ball & sockle joint

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, & internal rotation/external rotation (hip, shoulder)

saddle joint

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, & circumduction (thumb)

condyloid (ellipsoid) joint

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction (fingers & toes)

gliding (plane) joint

sliding

muscle

tissue that has the ability to contract, produce movement & maintain position

tendon

connects Muscle 2 Bone

ligament

connects Bones 2 Bone