Anatomy Terminology Study Guide

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Medicine

Medical Terminology

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40 Terms

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transverse plane- horizontal; divides the body into superior and inferior positions
transverse plane- horizontal; divides the body into superior and inferior positions
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sagittal plane- divides body into left and right positions
sagittal plane- divides body into left and right positions
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coronal plane- front/back; divides body into anterior and posterior positions
coronal plane- front/back; divides body into anterior and posterior positions
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anterior/ventral
towards the front
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posterior/dorsal
towards the back
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superior
more towards the sky
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inferior
more towards the ground
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proximal
close to the root/core
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distal
further away from root/core
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medial
more towards the midline
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lateral
further away from the midline
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superficial
closer to surface (can see)
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deep
further away from the surface (can’t see)
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flexion
elbow, knee, wrist, fingers, hips, shoulders; bending or “flexing” a muscle
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extension
a movement increasing the angle between 2 body parts; elbow, knee, wrist, fingers, hips, shoulders;
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abduction
hip/shoulder (take further away from joint)
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adduction
hip/shoulder (to bring closer to the joint)
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internal rotation
hip/shoulder (rotating towards the midline)
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external rotation
hip/shoulder (rotating away the midline)
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inversion
ankle (tilting the foot towards the midline)
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eversion
ankle (tilting the foot away the midline)
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pronation
wrist (rotation of the palm; down/back)
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supination
wrist (rotation of the palm; up/forward); waitress holding soup
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dorsiflexion
ankle (raising the foot up)
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plantarflexion
ankle (lowering the foot down); point toes down
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skeletal system is made up of ___ bones
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long bones
a bone whose shaft is longer than it is wide
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short bones
a bone that is rough square/cube dimensions, almost symmetrical
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flat bones
thin, flattened & slightly curved bones (bone to the skull, sternum, ribs)
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irregular bones
any bone varying in shape & structure that doesn’t fit in another category
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sesamoid bones
a small bone found near a muscle or tendon (patella)
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hinge joint
flexion & extension (elbow, knee)
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pivot joint
rotation, pronation, & supination (neck)
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ball & sockle joint
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, & internal rotation/external rotation (hip, shoulder)
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saddle joint
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, & circumduction (thumb)
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condyloid (ellipsoid) joint
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction (fingers & toes)
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gliding (plane) joint
sliding
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muscle
tissue that has the ability to contract, produce movement & maintain position
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tendon
connects **M**uscle **2 B**one
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ligament
connects **B**ones **2 B**one