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AP Psychology, unit 5.
Psychology
The science behind how we think and act.
Cognitive Psychology
The study of how our brain thinks and how it reacts.
Evolutionary Psychology
How natural selection and evolution affects the mind.
Behavioral Psychology
The study of our behavior and how we learn.
Biological Psychology
The study of how our biology affects our psychology.
Humanistic Psychology
Looks at how having a purpose and a fulfilled life affects the way we think.
Psychodynamic Psychology
How the unconscious affects the conscious. (often used to treat mental illness.)
Social-Cultural Psychology
How our culture and environment affects our behavior.
Biopsychosocial approach
Includes aspects from biological, psychological, and social-cultural viewpoints.
Memory
The brain encoding, storing, and retrieving information to help us learn over time.
Recall
Retrieving information learned earlier. (FRQ)
Recognition
Identifying things learned earlier. (MCQ)
Encoding
Getting knowledge into the memory system.
Storage
Keeping memories/information for later use.
Retrieval
Pulling information out of storage.
Sensory Memory
Super quick but short lasting memory of sensory information.
Iconic memory
Momentary visual sensory information.
Echoic memory
Momentary auditory sensory information.
Short-term Memory
Information used briefly then stored for later.
Long-term Memory
Information that stays for good.
Working Memory
Added understanding to short term memories OR when information from long term memory is being used.
“Visuospatial Sketchpad”
Temporarily holding visual and spatial information.
“Phonological Loop”
Temporarily holding auditory and verbal information.
Explicit Memory
Conscious thoughts and knowledge we can actively “know”.
Implicit Memory
Unconscious actions and thoughts- motor skills.
Effortful Processing
Learning and attaining information that requires conscious effort.
Automatic Processing
Automatically taking in information.
Chunking
Organizing information into meaningful groups.
Mnemonic Devices
Memory aids that often use vivid imagery and organization.
Method of Loci
Placing different prices of knowledge in a familiar location.
Hierarchies
Broad concepts divided into smaller concepts and facts.
Spacing Effect
Studying better over time instead of all at once.
Massed Practice
Practice all at once- not spaced out.
Testing Effect
Memory works better after retrieving rather than reviewing.
Levels of processing theory
The process of how information is processed. (shallow and deep.)
Shallow Processing
Consuming information shallowly.
Deep Processing
Consuming information on a deeper level.
Structural Processing
Looking at physical structure, shallow processing.
Phonemic Processing
Looking at how things sound, shallow processing.
Semantic Processing
Encoding based on meaning. Deep processing.
Maintenance Rehearsal
Repeating things to remember it- short term.
Semantic Memory
Memory of facts and general knowledge,
Note 
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