Chapter 4 protiens lectire 2/26

____________ inhibitors are similar in structure to the _____ substrate.

competitive, real

not all ________ sites are available or _______ the same as if fewer _________ available.

active, equal, enzymes

Competitive inhibitors have an unchanged _____. Inhibition by a ___________ inhbitor can be overcome by an __________ in substrate concentration to displace/out __________ the inhibitor

Vmax, competitive, increase, compete

For _____________ inhibitors Km ___________. It takes ______ substrate to get the reaction to ½ _______.

competitive, increases, more, Vmax

Non-competitive inhibitors have a ________ Vmax. Addition of more substrate _______ eliminate the effect of the _________. There is always a fixed amount of enzyme __________.

reduced, cannot, inhibitor, inactive

Km stays the same in ____-_______________ inhibitors. Which means the _______ does not change.

non-competitive, affinity,

An enzyme needs a ________ concentration of the substrate required to __________ with the __________.

greater, compete, inhibitor

______ can still be approached because an _________ in substrate concentration gives it a better chance of ___________ for the _______ site.

Vmax, increase, competing, active

Km ___________ because more substrate is require to _________ with an inhibitor.

increase, compete

When Vmax is ___________ enzymes cannot properly ___________ the reaction no matter the _____________ of the substrate

decreased, catalyze, concentration

when ____ stays the same this also mean the affinity for the __________ have ____ changed.

Km, substrate, not

CYP450 enzymes, are found mainly in the ______ and are in charge of ______________ of most ______________.

liver, metabolism, medications

CYP2C9 is one of the primary __________ responsible for ________________ nonsteroidal antiflammatory drugs, etc.

enzymes, metabolizing

____________ in genes coding for CYP450 enzymes can affact enzyme ____________ activity. This has been reported among different populations associated with many ___________ and ______ reactions.

mutations, catalytic, diseases, drug

Enzyme with high or low _______________ depends on the person and their _________ background.

polymorphism, genetic

__________ inhibition, is where the ____ product of an enzyme pathways ____________ regulates an earlier step in the pathway. (can stop the first molecule from working).

feedback, final, negatively,

___________ inhinition is where a product _________ the molecule.

allosteric, inhibits

_________ activity can also be regulated by addition or removal of __________ via _________ bonding.

enzyme, phosphate, covalent

phosphorylation is __________, and has ________ put a phosphate on.

reversible, kinase

from phosphorylation, there are protein _______ that catalyze the __________________ of other proteins. This induces a change in the proteins _____________.

kinases, phosphorylation, conformation.

____________________ is catalyzed by protein _______________, which take the __________ off.

dephosphorylation, phosphatases, phosphate

depending on the _______, phosphorlation may be associated with ____________ or ___________ of the enzyme.

enzyme, activation, inhibition

The activation of a ________ by a one-time, ______________ removal of part of the polypeptide chain is called _____________ activation/cleavage.

protein, irreversible, proteolytic

In ____________ activation proteolytic enzymes of the ___________, are synthesized in an __________ form and are activated by ___________ as needed.

proteolytic, pancreas, inactive, cleavage

__________ are an _______ protein precursor of an enzyme secreted by living cells and converted (by ________) into an active form called a ___________.

zymogens, inactive, kinase, proenzyme