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____________ inhibitors are similar in structure to the _____ substrate.
competitive, real
not all ________ sites are available or _______ the same as if fewer _________ available.
active, equal, enzymes
Competitive inhibitors have an unchanged _____. Inhibition by a ___________ inhbitor can be overcome by an __________ in substrate concentration to displace/out __________ the inhibitor
Vmax, competitive, increase, compete
For _____________ inhibitors Km ___________. It takes ______ substrate to get the reaction to ½ _______.
competitive, increases, more, Vmax
Non-competitive inhibitors have a ________ Vmax. Addition of more substrate _______ eliminate the effect of the _________. There is always a fixed amount of enzyme __________.
reduced, cannot, inhibitor, inactive
Km stays the same in ____-_______________ inhibitors. Which means the _______ does not change.
non-competitive, affinity,
An enzyme needs a ________ concentration of the substrate required to __________ with the __________.
greater, compete, inhibitor
______ can still be approached because an _________ in substrate concentration gives it a better chance of ___________ for the _______ site.
Vmax, increase, competing, active
Km ___________ because more substrate is require to _________ with an inhibitor.
increase, compete
When Vmax is ___________ enzymes cannot properly ___________ the reaction no matter the _____________ of the substrate
decreased, catalyze, concentration
when ____ stays the same this also mean the affinity for the __________ have ____ changed.
Km, substrate, not
CYP450 enzymes, are found mainly in the ______ and are in charge of ______________ of most ______________.
liver, metabolism, medications
CYP2C9 is one of the primary __________ responsible for ________________ nonsteroidal antiflammatory drugs, etc.
enzymes, metabolizing
____________ in genes coding for CYP450 enzymes can affact enzyme ____________ activity. This has been reported among different populations associated with many ___________ and ______ reactions.
mutations, catalytic, diseases, drug
Enzyme with high or low _______________ depends on the person and their _________ background.
polymorphism, genetic
__________ inhibition, is where the ____ product of an enzyme pathways ____________ regulates an earlier step in the pathway. (can stop the first molecule from working).
feedback, final, negatively,
___________ inhinition is where a product _________ the molecule.
allosteric, inhibits
_________ activity can also be regulated by addition or removal of __________ via _________ bonding.
enzyme, phosphate, covalent
phosphorylation is __________, and has ________ put a phosphate on.
reversible, kinase
from phosphorylation, there are protein _______ that catalyze the __________________ of other proteins. This induces a change in the proteins _____________.
kinases, phosphorylation, conformation.
____________________ is catalyzed by protein _______________, which take the __________ off.
dephosphorylation, phosphatases, phosphate
depending on the _______, phosphorlation may be associated with ____________ or ___________ of the enzyme.
enzyme, activation, inhibition
The activation of a ________ by a one-time, ______________ removal of part of the polypeptide chain is called _____________ activation/cleavage.
protein, irreversible, proteolytic
In ____________ activation proteolytic enzymes of the ___________, are synthesized in an __________ form and are activated by ___________ as needed.
proteolytic, pancreas, inactive, cleavage
__________ are an _______ protein precursor of an enzyme secreted by living cells and converted (by ________) into an active form called a ___________.
zymogens, inactive, kinase, proenzyme