Grammar Stuff-- Exam 1
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68 Terms
1
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agudas
stress on last syllable
needs an accent if it ends with a vowel, -n, or -s
needs an accent if it ends with a vowel, -n, or -s
2
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Cajón
aguda
3
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Partir
aguda
4
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llana
stress on penultimate syllable
put an accent if it ends in a consonant thats NOT -n or -s
put an accent if it ends in a consonant thats NOT -n or -s
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silla
llana
6
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árbol
llana
7
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esdrujulas
stress on the third to last syllable
ALWAYS has an accent
ALWAYS has an accent
8
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dámelo
esdrujula
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espectáculo
esdrujula
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el sustanivo
noun
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el verbo
verb
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el pronombre
pronoun
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el adverbio
adverb
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el adjectivo
adjective
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la preposición
preposition
a, ante, bajo, con, etc.
shows relationship between objects
a, ante, bajo, con, etc.
shows relationship between objects
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el sujeto
who or what performs the action
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el predicado
what action is performed, what the result is
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modificador adverbio/ frase adverbio
word of group of words acting as a modifier to the verb
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adjective expresses inherent characteristic
goes before noun
blanca nieve
blanca nieve
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adjective shows subjective judgement from speaker
goes before noun
larga novela
larga novela
21
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adjective expresses quantity
goes before noun
alguno, ambos, bastante, cuanto, etc
alguno, ambos, bastante, cuanto, etc
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when an adverb modifies the adj.
the adjective MUST follow noun.
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Malo, bueno, alguno, tercero, uno, alguno, ninguno
These lose the -o before a masculine singular noun
24
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el apócope
when you cut off the last syllable of an adjective
25
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cualquiera (any), grande
ALWAYS shorten to cualquier and gran if noun is singular.
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nuestro antiguo jefe
our former boss
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una ciudad antigua
an ancient city
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cierto país
a certain city
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una cosa cierta
a sure thing, a true thing
30
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cualquier película
any movie
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una película cualquiera
any old movie
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diferentes libros
various books
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libros diferentes
several books
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gran hombre
great man
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hombre grande
large man
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medio español
half Spanish
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el español medio
the average Spaniard
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misma profesora
the same professor
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profesora misma
the professor herself
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una nueva casa
another house (new to me)
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casa nueva
new house (newly made)
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pobre hombre
pitiful man
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un hombre pobre
broke man
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la uníca chica
the only girl
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una chica uníca
a unique girl
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un simple hombre
just a man
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un hombre simple
a simple man
48
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pura agua
just (nothing but) water
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agua pure
pure, clean water
50
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an adjective after a noun is a
limiting adjective, limitando.
carro rojo excludes all not red cars
carro rojo excludes all not red cars
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mas/menos ___ que
more/less \[adjective\] than
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tan ___ como
as \[adjective\] as
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tan
adjective, adverb
as __ as
as __ as
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tanto
noun, number, verb
as much/any many
NEVER follow with mucho
as much/any many
NEVER follow with mucho
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When comparing numerals
use de instead of que.
\
Más de 4 libros.
\
Más de 4 libros.
56
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De lo que
using a standard of comparison
VERBS and ADJECTIVES
El libro es más largo de lo que imaginaba.
Duermo más de lo que piensas
VERBS and ADJECTIVES
El libro es más largo de lo que imaginaba.
Duermo más de lo que piensas
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De lo/la/los/la que
For nouns with standard of comparison
Tengo más hermanas de las que piensas.
Tengo más hermanas de las que piensas.
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ser + past participle + optional por agent phrase
passive voice
La cena fue servida (por Margarita)
Dinner was served (by Margarita)
La cena fue servida (por Margarita)
Dinner was served (by Margarita)
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Passive voice with present perfect
The work has been finished
The work has been finished
he/ha/han/hemos + sido + past participle
El trabajo ha sido terminado
El trabajo ha sido terminado
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se + verb
NO por agent phrase
NO por agent phrase
de-emphasize performer, no direct translation. its passive and theres not a person performing action. verb is 3rd person, single or plural depending on subject
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Se entregó el informe
The report was handed in
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Se entregaron los informer.
The reports were handed in
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If the verb is intransitive (no direct object) verb is always 3rd person singular
Se sale por aquí
You go out here
You go out here
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If the subject is an infinitive, the verb is third person singular
Se prohíbe fumar.
Smoking is prohibited.
Smoking is prohibited.
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past participle can be an adjective
Even when following estar, ser, or parecer
Even when following estar, ser, or parecer
La clase es aburrida
El informe terminado (the finished report)
Los informes terminados (the finished reports)
El informe terminado (the finished report)
Los informes terminados (the finished reports)
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past participle as an adjective is more common with ser than with estar
because it describes a current state, not an immutable fact
\
el papel está roto
la puerta estaba cerrada
\
el papel está roto
la puerta estaba cerrada
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passive voice uses ser + past participle and por agent phrase
focus on action
\
la torta fue hecho por el cocinero
the cake was made (constructed) by the chef
\
la torta fue hecho por el cocinero
the cake was made (constructed) by the chef
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passive voice uses estar + pp and no agent phrase
focuses on result of action
\
la torta estaba hecha.
the cake was made, done, finished.
\
la torta estaba hecha.
the cake was made, done, finished.