Studied by 3 people
agudas
stress on last syllable
needs an accent if it ends with a vowel, -n, or -s
Cajón
aguda
Partir
aguda
llana
stress on penultimate syllable
put an accent if it ends in a consonant thats NOT -n or -s
silla
llana
árbol
llana
esdrujulas
stress on the third to last syllable
ALWAYS has an accent
dámelo
esdrujula
espectáculo
esdrujula
el sustanivo
noun
el verbo
verb
el pronombre
pronoun
el adverbio
adverb
el adjectivo
adjective
la preposición
preposition
a, ante, bajo, con, etc.
shows relationship between objects
el sujeto
who or what performs the action
el predicado
what action is performed, what the result is
modificador adverbio/ frase adverbio
word of group of words acting as a modifier to the verb
adjective expresses inherent characteristic
goes before noun
blanca nieve
adjective shows subjective judgement from speaker
goes before noun
larga novela
adjective expresses quantity
goes before noun
alguno, ambos, bastante, cuanto, etc
when an adverb modifies the adj.
the adjective MUST follow noun.
Malo, bueno, alguno, tercero, uno, alguno, ninguno
These lose the -o before a masculine singular noun
el apócope
when you cut off the last syllable of an adjective
cualquiera (any), grande
ALWAYS shorten to cualquier and gran if noun is singular.
nuestro antiguo jefe
our former boss
una ciudad antigua
an ancient city
cierto país
a certain city
una cosa cierta
a sure thing, a true thing
cualquier película
any movie
una película cualquiera
any old movie
diferentes libros
various books
libros diferentes
several books
gran hombre
great man
hombre grande
large man
medio español
half Spanish
el español medio
the average Spaniard
misma profesora
the same professor
profesora misma
the professor herself
una nueva casa
another house (new to me)
casa nueva
new house (newly made)
pobre hombre
pitiful man
un hombre pobre
broke man
la uníca chica
the only girl
una chica uníca
a unique girl
un simple hombre
just a man
un hombre simple
a simple man
pura agua
just (nothing but) water
agua pure
pure, clean water
an adjective after a noun is a
limiting adjective, limitando.
carro rojo excludes all not red cars
mas/menos ___ que
more/less [adjective] than
tan ___ como
as [adjective] as
tan
adjective, adverb
as __ as
tanto
noun, number, verb
as much/any many
NEVER follow with mucho
When comparing numerals
use de instead of que.
Más de 4 libros.
De lo que
using a standard of comparison
VERBS and ADJECTIVES
El libro es más largo de lo que imaginaba.
Duermo más de lo que piensas
De lo/la/los/la que
For nouns with standard of comparison
Tengo más hermanas de las que piensas.
ser + past participle + optional por agent phrase
passive voice
La cena fue servida (por Margarita)
Dinner was served (by Margarita)
Passive voice with present perfect
The work has been finished
he/ha/han/hemos + sido + past participle
El trabajo ha sido terminado
se + verb
NO por agent phrase
de-emphasize performer, no direct translation. its passive and theres not a person performing action. verb is 3rd person, single or plural depending on subject
Se entregó el informe
The report was handed in
Se entregaron los informer.
The reports were handed in
If the verb is intransitive (no direct object) verb is always 3rd person singular
Se sale por aquí
You go out here
If the subject is an infinitive, the verb is third person singular
Se prohíbe fumar.
Smoking is prohibited.
past participle can be an adjective
Even when following estar, ser, or parecer
La clase es aburrida
El informe terminado (the finished report)
Los informes terminados (the finished reports)
past participle as an adjective is more common with ser than with estar
because it describes a current state, not an immutable fact
el papel está roto
la puerta estaba cerrada
passive voice uses ser + past participle and por agent phrase
focus on action
la torta fue hecho por el cocinero
the cake was made (constructed) by the chef
passive voice uses estar + pp and no agent phrase
focuses on result of action
la torta estaba hecha.
the cake was made, done, finished.
Note
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