Unit 1 Full review AP psychology 2025
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48 Terms
Q: What does "nature" refer to in psychology?
Genetic or hereditary influences on behavior and mental processes.
Q: What does "nurture" refer to in psychology?
Environmental influences like family, education, and culture.
Q: What is the evolutionary perspective?
A focus on how natural selection shapes behavior to increase survival and reproduction.
Q: What is eugenics?
Misuse of evolutionary theory to justify discrimination.
Q: What studies help examine heredity and behavior?
Twin, family, and adoption studies.
Q: What does the central nervous system (CNS) include?
Brain and spinal cord.
Q: What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Nerves that connect the CNS to the body.
Q: What does the autonomic nervous system control?
Involuntary functions (e.g., heartbeat, digestion).
Q: What does the somatic nervous system control
Voluntary movements.
Q: What are psychoactive drugs?
Drugs that alter mood, behavior, or perception.
Q: What is tolerance?
Needing more of a drug to feel the same effect.
Q: What do opioids do?
Relieve pain (e.g., heroin).
Q: What do hallucinogens do?
Distort perception and cognition (e.g., marijuana).
Q: What do depressants do?
Slow neural activity (e.g., alcohol).
Q: What do stimulants do?
Increase neural activity (e.g., caffeine, cocaine).
Q: What are examples of hormones in psychology?
Adrenaline, leptin, ghrelin, melatonin, oxytocin.
Q: What are excitatory neurotransmitters?
Increase likelihood of action potential.
Q: What are inhibitory neurotransmitters?
Decrease likelihood of action potential.
Q: What is reuptake?
Reabsorption of neurotransmitters.
Q: What is the all-or-nothing principle?
Neurons either fire fully or not at all.
Q: What are agonists and antagonists?
Agonists increase firing; antagonists block firing.
Q: What does the frontal lobe do?
Controls thinking, planning, movement.
Q: What is brain plasticity?
The brain’s ability to rewire after damage.
Q: What does Broca’s area control?
Speech production.
Q: What does Wernicke’s area control?
Language comprehension.
Q: What does the parietal lobe do?
Processes touch and spatial info.
Q: What does the occipital lobe control?
Vision.
Q: What does the cerebellum control?
Balance and coordination.
Q: What does the medulla control?
Breathing and heart rate.
Q: What does the temporal lobe do?
Processes sound and language.
Q: What is the corpus callosum?
Connects left and right brain hemispheres.
Q: What is memory consolidation?
Sleep helps organize memories.
Q: What is REM sleep?
A deep sleep stage with vivid dreams.
Q: What is REM rebound?
More REM after being sleep-deprived.
Q: What is the circadian rhythm?
A 24-hour sleep/wake cycle.
Q: Name common sleep disorders.
Insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, somnambulism.
Q: What is kinesthesis?
Sense of body position and movement.
Q: What is the vestibular sense?
Sense of balance.
Q: What are rods and cones?
Rods detect light/motion; cones detect color/detail.
Q: What is color vision explained by?
Trichromatic theory + Opponent-process theory.
Q: What is gate control theory?
Explains how pain signals are blocked or allowed.
Q: What is the absolute threshold?
Smallest stimulus detected 50% of the time.
Q: What is Weber’s law?
Just-noticeable difference is proportional to the stimulus.
Q: What is sensory adaptation?
Diminished sensitivity to constant stimuli.
Q: What is synesthesia?
Experiencing one sense through another.
Q: What is sound localization?
Determining where a sound comes from.
Q: What are taste sensations?
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, oleogustus.
Q: What is blindsight?
Ability to respond to visual info without seeing it.