Lab 10 Mini Lesson Learning Guides

Sex Determination

The process based on genotype (XX or XY chromosomes) that determines biological sex.

Sex Differentiation

The development of phenotypic characteristics such as reproductive organs and secondary sex traits.

Gamete Formation (Gametogenesis)

The process of creating gametes through two meiotic divisions, resulting in haploid cells.

Aromatase

An enzyme that converts testosterone into estrogen.

5-α-reductase

An enzyme that converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

Hypothalamus

The part of the brain that releases GnRH to regulate the HPG axis and gonadal function.

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

A hormone released by the anterior pituitary that stimulates gametogenesis and follicle maturation.

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

A hormone released by the anterior pituitary that triggers ovulation and stimulates testosterone production.

Oogenesis

The process of egg (ovum) production, starting before birth and involving meiotic divisions.

Corpus Luteum

The structure formed from a ruptured follicle that secretes progesterone; degenerates if no fertilization occurs.

HPG Axis

A regulatory pathway involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads, controlling reproductive functions.

Follicular Phase

The first phase of the ovarian cycle where follicle maturation occurs, lasting from days 1-13.

Ovulatory Phase

The phase where an LH surge triggers ovulation, occurring on day 14 of the ovarian cycle.

Luteal Phase

The phase from days 15-28 where the corpus luteum secretes progesterone.

Estrogen

A primary female sex hormone responsible for growth of the endometrium and secondary sex traits.

Progesterone

A hormone that maintains the endometrium and inhibits uterine contractions.

Menstrual Phase

The phase of the uterine cycle (Days 1-5) characterized by the shedding of the endometrium.

Proliferative Phase

Phase of the uterine cycle (Days 6-14) where estrogen stimulates endometrial growth.

Secretory Phase

Phase of the uterine cycle (Days 15-28) where progesterone maintains the thickened endometrium.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

A hormone secreted by the embryo that maintains the corpus luteum during early pregnancy.