Physics Formulas

use this equation to determine the velocity given the displacement or speed and the distance.

use this equation to determine acceleration

use this equation to determine the change in displacement holding the acceleration constant

use this equation to determine the final velocity given initial velocity, time, and holding acceleration constant

use this equation to determine the final velocity given initial velocity, change in displacement, and holding acceleration constant

use this equation to determine the average velocity

use this equation to determine the velocity in a free fall scenario where acceleration due to gravity is equal to 9.8 m/s²

use this equation to determine the centripetal acceleration of an object moving in a circle at a constant speed

use this equation to determine the centripetal force of an object moving in a circle at a constant speed

use this equation to determine the gravitational force btw. two objects

use this equation to determine the the force on an object due to kinetic friction

use this equation to determine the static friction acting between two objects which are stationary due to each other

use this equation to determine the Newton's Second Law.

use this equation to solve for gravitational potential energy in situations relatively close to Earth's surface

use this equation to solve for kinetic energy.

use this equation to determine the torque or moment of force

use this equation to determine work where θ is the angle btw. the force and the displacement vector

use this equation to determine the momentum of an object in motion

use this equation to determine the capacitance of a capacitor

use this equation to determine the potential energy stored in a capacitor

This equation describes the potential energy of a point charge in an electric field due to an electric force times displacement of the charge (arbitrary, similar to gravitational pot energy)

use this equation to determine the attractive or repulsive force two charges exert on one another

use this equation to determine the potential energy due to two point charges

use this equation to determine the magnetic force on a moving charge in an external magnetic field.

use this equation to determine the drop in electric potential across a resistor

use this equation to determine the total electric current passing through a conductor per unit of time

use this equation to determine the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by a circular loop of current-carrying wire at the center of the loop

use this equation to determine the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by a straight current-carrying wire at a chosen point in space.

use this equation to determine the magnetic force on a current-carrying wire in a uniform external magnetic field.

use this equation to determine the magnetic force

use this equation to determine the weight of an object

use this equation to determine Newton's Third Law

use this equation to determine the rate at which energy is transferred from one system to another

use this equation to determine the conservation of mechanical energy when no dissipative forces are present

use this equation to determine the total mechanical energy

the expression of the relationship btw. work and energy theorem

use this equation to determine the change in momentum or Impulse

use this equation for conservation of momentum during elastic and inelastic collision

use this equation for conservation of Kinetic Energy during completely elastic collision

use this equation for conservation of momentum during completely inelastic collision

use this equation to determine the ratio of the force exerted on an object by a simple machine (Fout) to the force actually applied on the simple machine (Fin)

use this equation to determine the efficiency of a machine

use this equation to determine the center of mass

x \= the x-axis at that point

use this equation to convert btw Celsius and Kelvin

use this equation to determine the change in lenght of an object subjected to a change in temperature

L \= original lenght
α \= constant that characterizes how the lenght change as temperature change

use this equation to determine the change in volume of a fluid or object subjected to a change in temperature

β \= 3α

use this equation to determine the change in total internal energy of a system undergoing a thermodynamic process

use this equation to determine the heat gain or lost by a substance subjected to a change in temperature

c \= specific heat

use this equation to determine the heat gain or lost by a substance subjected to a change in phase

use this equation to determine the work done on or by a system that undergoes a change in volume at constant pressure

use this equation to determine the change in entropy of a system at a given temperature

use this equation to determine the electric field produced by a source charge at a chosen point in space

K \= electrostatic constant \= 8.98 × 10⁹ Nm²/C²

use this equation to calculate the electric potential energy btw two charges separated in space

use this equation to determine the electric potential due to a known source charge at a chosen point in space

use this equation to determine the electric potential at a point in space due to an electric dipole

use this equation to determine the electric field due to an electric dipole along the perpendicular bisector of the dipole

use this equation to determine the net torque experience by an electric dipole about the center of the dipole axis due to an external electric field

use this equation to determine the force experience by a charge in an electric field

use this equation to determine the magnetic field produced by a straight current-carrying wire at a chosen point

i \= current in wire
µ₀ \= permeability of free space \= 1.26 ×10⁻⁷ Tm / A

use this equation to determine the magnetic field produced by a circular loop of current-carrying wire at the center of the loop

i \= current in wire
µ₀ \= permeability of free space \= 1.26 ×10⁻⁷ Tm / A

use this equation to determine the magnetic force on a moving charge in an external magnetic field

θ \= smallest angle btw qv and B

use this equation to determine the magnetic force on current-carrying wire in a uniform external magnetic field

L \= length of wire

use this equation to determine the total electric current passing through a conductor per unit of time

use this equation to determine the resistance of a given resistor

p (resistivity) \= number that characterizes the intrinsic resistance to current flow of a material

use this equation to determine the resultant resistance of multiple resistors in series

use this equation to determine the power dissipated by a given resistor

use this equation to determine the resultant resistance of multiple resistors in parallel

use this equation to determine the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor

ε₀ (permittivity of free space) \= 8.85 × 10⁻¹² F/m

use this equation to determine the increase in capacitance due to a dielectric material

C' \= new capacitance
K (dielectric constant) \= measure the insulating capability of a dielectric material.

use this equation to determine the electric field at a point in space btw the plates of a parallel plate capacitor

use this equation to determine the resultant capacitance of multiple capacitors in series

use this equation to determine the resultant capacitance of multiple capacitors in parallel

use this equation to determine the total voltage drop across multiple resistors and multiple capacitors in parallel

use this equation to determine the total voltage drop across multiple resistors and multiple capacitors in series

use this equation to estimate the current in an AC system

use this equation to estimate the average magnitude of alternating current over one period

use this equation to estimate the average magnitude of AC voltage over one period

use this equation to determine the actual voltage supplied by a cell to a circuit

use this equation to determine the restoring force for a spring

Hooke's Law

use this equation to determine the angular frequency for a spring

k - spring constant

use this equation to determine the angular frequency for a pendulum

use this equation to determine the potential energy of a spring

use this equation to determine the restoring force for a pendulum

use this equation to determine the sound level

I₀ - is a reference intensity set a the threshold of hearing: 1 x 10⁻¹² W/m²

use this equation to determine the speed of a wave

use this equation to determine the change in intensity of a sound

use this equation to determine the beats that its created when two sounds waves have nearly equal frequencies in the audible range.

use this equation to determine the perceived frequency of a sound and its actual frequency when the source of a sound and the sound's detector are moving relative to each other.

use this equation to determine the wavelength, and the length of a closed pipe ( n \= odd integer)

use this equation to determine the wavelength of a standing wave of a strings, and the length of an open pipe ( n \= positive non-zero integer)

use this equation to determine the average rate per unit area at which energy is transferred across a perpendicular surface by the wave

use this equation to determine the ratio of mass to volume

use this equation to determine the ratio of normal force per unit area - pressure

1.013 × 10⁵ Pa \= 1atm \= 760 torr \= 760 mmHg

use this equation to determine the Pascal's Principle

use this equation to determine the total pressure that is exerted on an object that is submerge in a fluid - Absolute Pressure

use this equation to determine the difference btw the absolute pressure inside a container and the atmospheric pressure outside the container - Gauge Pressure

use this equation to determine the buoyant force

use this equation to determine the critical velocity of a fluid at which turbulence can arise

NR \= Reynolds number
η \= viscosity of the fluid

use this equation to measure the linear displacement of a fluid particle in a given amount of time - Continuity Equation

use this equation to determine the relationship btw absolute pressure, dynamic pressure, and gauge pressure of a fluid - Bernoulli's Equation